√ Understanding the Philosophy of History According to Experts and Branches of Science
Understanding the Philosophy of History According to Experts & Branches of Science – At this meeting we will discuss the philosophy of history. Of course, those who don't know what the philosophy of history is will definitely be wondering.
Understanding the Philosophy of History According to Experts & Branches of Science
In order to explain for those who don't know, it will be explained in this article so that they can listen and understand the true meaning of the philosophy of history. To get more details, let's start the discussion together below.
Understanding the Philosophy of History
Philosophy is reflective thinking or contemplating and trying to think about something deeply and radically. Which means thinking far to reach the deepest basics to be able to to get the essence of something far away that can be achieved with the ability of human reason and reason (Van Der Maulen).
The definition of history consists of three, namely history as events or occurrences that actually happened (res gestae), and history as a story. (story) as well as knowledge about events that have occurred (rerun gestarum) or scientia rerum gestarum and also history as value or mark. Meanwhile, in general, the definition of philosophy of history is a philosophical thought about events that have already occurred.
Understanding the Philosophy of History According to Experts
Of course, any knowledge or theory must have the participation of certain people in it. There are several definitions of the philosophy of history according to experts.
1. Harry Ritter
In the Dictionary of Concepts in History (1986) the definition of the philosophy of history is "Philosophy of history is a reflection on the nature of history-history being understood as either the course of human events or more narrowly as the specialized activity of historians.
2. R.G. Collingwood
In his book, The Idea of History (1956), the definition of the philosophy of history is "The philosophy of history means the philosophical study of that phenomenon which we call historical knowledge or thought.
3. Karl R. Poppers
In A pluralist Approach to the philosophy of History (1969), the philosophy of history has a relationship with 3 big questions, namely.
- What is the plot of History
- How to write the history
- What is the use of history (What is the use of history)
4. Patrick Gardiner
a philosophy of history that answers questions regarding the meaning or purpose of the historical process, the natural destiny of humans (the nature of human destiny), the course of human history and also the future of mankind (the future of mankid).
5. Ibn Khaldun
Philosophy of history is the study of internal aspects of an external historical event (Zainab al-Khudairi, 1979:58).
Branch of Philosophy
The following are several branches of philosophy.
1. Logic
Logic is a branch of philosophy that investigates whether our thoughts are straight or not. Fields in logic are the principles that determine straight, correct and healthy thinking. By studying logic, it is hoped that someone will be able to apply the principles of reasoning so that they can draw appropriate conclusions. Logical problems include, among others, what is meant by understanding, what is meant by inference, what are the rules for being able to conclude straightly, mention the division of syllogisms.
2. Epistemology
Epistemology is a part of philosophy that explains the occurrence of knowledge, sources of knowledge, origins of knowledge, boundaries, nature, methods and validity of knowledge. For example, in the philosophy of science, namely studying the characteristics of scientific knowledge and how to obtain it. By studying epistemology and philosophy of science, it is hoped that you will be able to differentiate between knowledge and science and know the truth of a science in terms of its content. Problems in epistemology include how humans can know something, where that knowledge is obtained.
3. Ethics
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that discusses human behavior or actions in relation to good and bad. Ethics can help us know and understand what behavior is good according to certain theories. So the material object of ethics is human behavior or actions carried out consciously and freely. The formal object of ethics is good and bad. Examples of issues related to ethics include the role of conscience in every human action.
4. Aesthetics
Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that discusses beauty. The object of aesthetics is the experience of beauty. By studying aesthetics, it is hoped that you will be able to differentiate between philosophical aesthetics and scientific aesthetics, theories of beauty, definitions of art, artistic values and theories of creation in art. Issues related to ethics include, for example, the relationship between beauty and truth.
5. Metaphysics
Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that discusses what exists. Metaphysics talks about something behind what appears. By studying metaphysics, a person will know God. Metaphysical issues are divided into three, namely ontology, cosmology and anthropology. Examples of metaphysical problems include what is space and time? humans as free or unfree creatures.
That's all the explanation we can give regarding Understanding the Philosophy of History According to Experts & Branches of Science, the philosophy of history which is generally understood is a philosophical thought about events that have already happened, hopefully this is useful 🙂
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