√ Definition of Alveoli, Functions, Characteristics and Their Structure
Definition of Alveoli, Function, Characteristics and Their Structure – On this occasion About Knowledge will discuss about Alveoli. Which in this discussion explains the meaning of alveoli, their function, characteristics, and structure briefly and clearly. For more details, see the following article about alveoli.
Definition of Alveoli, Function, Characteristics and Their Structure
Alveolus is an anatomical structure having a hollow shape which is located in the lung parenchyma. Alveoli are at the end of the respiratory tract which on both sides is the exchange of air with blood.
Alveoli are air-filled bubbles in the lungs with a total of about 300 million pieces. Another name for the plural laveoli is alveoli.
The bubbles contain blood capillaries which on their thin walls and blood capillaries cover each bubble. Through the walls of the alveoli there is an exchange of O2 (oxygen) from the air to the blood cells in the body. As well as the exchange of CO2 (carbon dioxide) from blood cells in the body to the free air.
So the alveoli are sacs that have thin walls at the ends of the smallest airways (bronchioles) in the lungs which contain air.
In this case the alveolus is an anatomy that only mammals have. Gas exchange systems that occur in vertebrates have a different structure. The alveolar membrane is the surface on which gas exchange occurs. Existing blood from all over the body rich in carbon dioxide is pumped into the alveolar blood vessels. Where through diffusion absorbs O2 (oxygen) and releases CO2 (carbon dioxide).
The size of the alveoli can reach a diameter of 200 to 300 micrometers. With this, the surface area of the lungs becomes wider. Where the surface area of the lungs is around 160 m2 or about 100 times wider than the surface of the body.
Alveolar characteristics
- Has a smooth shape
- It is in the form of a very thin air bubble
- Alveoli are branches of bronchioles
Alveolar function
The functions of the alveoli include the following:
As a place of gas exchange
In general, the alveoli are the places where gas is exchanged in the respiratory system, which is in the lungs. Where each alveolus is lined with flat thin cells and contains many capillaries. This is where gas exchange occurs in the body. Gas exchange is composed of absorption of oxygen and expenditure of carbon dioxide in the body.
The exchange that occurs in the lungs is passive diffusion in which the organs do not require energy to be burned. The gas will undergo an exchange process by moving through a concentration gradient or high concentration to a low concentration.
In the mechanism of gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the human body in the process of human breathing which is carried out in the alveoli.
Temporary Air Storage Place
The alveoli also function as a temporary storage area for air, which in turn allows oxygen-containing air to be absorbed into the blood.
Structure of the Alveoli
In the structure of the alveoli there are alveoli consisting of epithelium in the form of layers and extracellular matrix surrounded by capillaries. The epiteral layer plays a role in order to facilitate the binding of oxygen from the air in the alveolar cavity which is carried out by the blood in the blood capillaries.
Alveoli in the alveolar walls have pores which can be called Kohn's pores. Alveoli also contain some elastic fibers and collagen fibers.
When the inhalation process occurs, the alveoli will be filled with air. The presence of elastic fibers in the alveoli allows these anatomical structures to stretch. It can be said that while breathing, the elastic fibers allow contraction and expansion of the alveoli walls. Meanwhile, the collagen fibers become stiffer and provide firmness to the alveoli walls.
In an alveolus there are 3 main cells, including namely:
- Alveolar squamous (type I) are the cells forming the alveolar structure
- Large alveolar cells (type II) are cells whose role is to secrete surfactant to help reduces the tension on the surface of the water and helps the process of separating the membrane thereby facilitating the process gas exchange. These large alveolar cells can help repair damage done to the endothelium of the alveoli.
- Squamous epithelial cells are cells that act as forming capillaries which later become capillaries it will function in the gas diffusion forming capillaries it covers 70% of the area the.
Apart from the 3 main cells, there are macrophage cells, which are cells that can help destroy bacteria and various foreign bodies that enter the body through breathing. In this case the cell has a link with the immune system.
Thus the explanation about Definition of Alveoli, Function, Characteristics and Their Structure, hopefully it can be useful and add to your insight.
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