√ Definition of Elections, Objectives, Functions, Principles, Forms & Systems
Understanding Elections, Objectives, Functions, Principles, Forms & Systems – In this discussion we will explain about elections. Which includes the meaning of elections, election objectives, election functions, election principles, election forms and general election systems. For more details, please read the review below carefully.
Understanding Elections, Objectives, Functions, Principles, Forms & Systems
Let's first discuss the meaning of elections carefully.
Understanding Elections
Elections or General Elections are the process of selecting people to fill political positions certain, starting from the president, people's representatives at various levels of government up to the head village.
Another definition of elections is an effort to influence the people persuasively (no force) by carrying out rhetorical activities, political relations, mass communication, lobbying and activities other.
The first general election in Indonesia was held in 1955 and elections are still held today 11 times, namely in 1955, 1971, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2009, and 2014.
Understanding Elections According to Experts
The following is the definition of elections according to experts.
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Ali Moertopo
According to Ali Moertopo, elections are a means available for the people to exercise their sovereignty in accordance with the principles contained in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution.
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Suryo Untoro
The definition of election according to Suryo Untoro is an election carried out by Indonesian citizens who have the right to vote to elect their representatives who sit in the people's representative body.
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Ramlan
The definition of elections according to Ramlan is a mechanism for selecting and delegating or enlightening sovereignty to people or parties who are trusted.
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Morissan (2005:17)
The definition of elections according to Morissan is a way or means to find out the wishes of the people regarding the future direction and policies of the country. There are at least three types of general election objectives, namely:
- It is very possible that there will be a safe and orderly transition of government
- To exercise popular sovereignty in order to exercise the human rights of citizens
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Harris G
The definition of elections according to Harris G is that elections are the conditions when citizens choose their officials and decide, what they want the government to do, and these decisions citizens determine what rights they want to have and keep.
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Wikipedia
The definition of elections according to Wikipedia is the process of selecting people to fill certain political positions.
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KBBI (Big Indonesian Dictionary)
The definition of election according to the KBBI is an election carried out simultaneously by all the people of a country (to elect regional representatives and so on)
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Law Number 8 of 2012 article 1 paragraph (1)
The definition of elections according to Law Number 8 of 2012 article 1 paragraph is a means of implementing people's sovereignty within The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia which is based on Pancasila and the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945.
Purpose of General Elections (Elections)
The purpose of elections is to embody people's sovereignty to produce a state government based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. There are two elections, namely the legislative election and the presidential and vice presidential elections.
Legislative elections are held to elect members of the People's Representative Council (DPR), Regional Representative Council (DPD), Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD). Meanwhile, the presidential and vice presidential elections are held to elect the presidential and vice presidential pairs.
According to Prihatmoko (2003:19) In its implementation, General Elections have three objectives, namely:
- As a working system for selecting government leaders and alternative public policies (public policy)
- Elections are a means of transferring conflicts of interest from the community to the people's representative bodies bypassing the elected representatives or the party that won the seat so that community integration remains guaranteed
- Elections are a means of mobilizing, mobilizing or gathering people's support for the state and government by participating in the political process.
Meanwhile, the purpose of elections in their implementation is based on Law No. 8 of 2012 article 3, namely that elections are held to elect members of the DPR, DPRD Provinces and Regency/City DPRDs in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945.
Functions of General Elections (Elections)
According to C.S.T Kansil and Christine S.T Kansil, the function of elections is as a democratic tool used to:
- Maintaining and developing the foundations of democracy in Indonesia
- The existence of a just and prosperous society according to Pancasila (social justice for all Indonesian people)
- Guaranteeing the success of the struggle for the new order, namely the upholding of Pancasila and the maintenance of the 1945 Constitution.
Principles of General Elections (Elections)
In implementing elections, there are principles used, including:
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Direct
Direct means that the public as voters have the right to vote directly in general elections according to their own wishes without any contact
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General
General means that the general election applies to all citizens who meet the requirements, without differentiate between religion, ethnicity, race, gender, class, occupation, regionalism and social status other.
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Free
Free means that all nationalities who have met the requirements as voters in the election are free to determine who will be chosen to be the bearer of their aspirations without any pressure or coercion by anybody.
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Confidential
Confidentiality means that when making a choice, a voter is guaranteed the confidentiality of his choice. The voter casts his or her vote on the ballot paper without being able to be known by anyone else to whom the vote is given.
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Honest
Honesty means that all parties related to the election are obliged to act and act honestly in accordance with applicable laws and regulations
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Fair
Fairness means that in carrying out general elections, each voter and election participant receives the same treatment, and is also free from fraud by any party.
Form of General Election (Election)
In its implementation, general elections are divided into two, namely direct elections and indirect elections.
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Direct Election
Direct elections are elections carried out by voters by voting directly without passing through representative institutions, voters will go to the polling station (TPS) in their area to give voice.
In the conventional system, ballot papers are made from printed or photocopied paper. The ballot paper contains the name, picture and serial number of the candidate participating in the election. The election committee will determine how to vote in the election, either by writing down the name/serial number candidates, voting with a hole in the paper or checking the picture/name/serial number of the candidate and/or party chosen.
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Indirect Elections
Indirect elections are elections carried out by representative members in representative institutions or parliament or elections which are not carried out directly by the people but through representative institutions, namely parliament. In casting their vote, voters can choose directly by voting or deliberation to reach consensus according to agreement.
General Election System (Election)
There are two definitions of the general election system based on Dieter Nohlen's opinion. Namely the understanding of the electoral system in a broad sense and in a narrow sense.
In a broad sense, the electoral system is all processes related to voting rights, election administration and voter behavior. Meanwhile, in a narrow sense, the general election system is a way in which voters can express their political choices by voting, where the votes are transformed into seats in parliament or public officials.
There are several electoral systems in Indonesia, including voting rights, election system, electoral district development system and nomination system.
Thus it has been explained Understanding Elections, Objectives, Functions, Principles, Forms & Systems, hopefully it can increase your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read our other articles.
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