Types of Sculptures: History, Shape, and Style
Types of Statues, History, Forms, and Patterns - Sculpture is the result of the expression of the human spirit by creating visual forms through 3-dimensional media that have the goal of beauty. To find out more about the types and other types of statues, let's look at the following discussion.
Types of Sculptures: History, Forms, and Patterns
Sculpture is a work of art created by forming materials which can be clay, stone, wood, metal and various other materials with a subtractive method in which there is a chiseled, cut, or carved process or with an additive method, namely a kind of casting and also print.
History of Sculpture
The history of sculpture or sculpture in Indonesia is closely related to the growth of the art of carving. According to some literature, Indonesian people have understood the art of carving since 1500 BC. The ancestors of the Indonesian people at that time carved stone axes using simple tools. The motifs he makes are also very simple, in the form of lines, dots or curves.
In 500-300 BC, the art of carving experienced growth. In that decade, people began to use bronze, gold and silver for carving. What's more, they already understand the casting method themselves, so the resulting carved motifs start to vary.
Since the entry of Hindu, Buddhist and Islamic religions into Indonesia, the art of carving in Indonesia has continued to experience rapid growth. Many make carvings on temples and inscriptions as a form of respect for the king. At the same time, residents began to carve temples, kerises, tombstones and other artistic tools. It was during this era that our ancestors began to understand sculpture or statue art.
Sculpture function
There are also functions of the existence of this sculpture or statue, including:
- Makeup Sculpture, to give a beautiful impression and a room as well as an outdoor area.
- Monument Statue, to appreciate and remember the services of certain figures and groups, such as remembering the form of a hero from a country and commemorating events that have.
- Craft Sculpture, for statues that have been designed and meet market needs, so that they can be demanded for and have a selling value based on various non-specific universal needs.
- Architectural Sculpture, to support and fulfill a construction of a building so that it is faster and integrated, in harmony with the existing architectural designs that have been designed.
- Art Sculpture (fineart) Pure art is made for aesthetic purposes and can be experimental in its form (art is not always beautiful).
- Religious Statues, for some religions who believe the statue has a religious aspect and meaning and is also used as a tool for worship.
Types of Statues
The following are the types or types of statues that can be classified as follows:
reliefs
Reliefs are the oldest types of statues that can be found in temple chambers, on buildings, or some are attached to items from ancient assets. This relief contains 2 sizes of flat plane statues.
3D Statue
It is a type of work or statue that can be seen from every angle and is still there today. We can find 3 size statues in temples from the remains of the ancient Greeks, Romans, and so on.
Not only that, we can also find it in medieval areas, for example the statue of David made by an artist named Michelangelo
Kinetic Sculpture
Kinetic statues are a type of statue with 3 sizes where these statues are statues that can move with the encouragement of a machine, a kind of statue that can produce water which is called a kinetic statue.
Sculpture Forms and Examples
In the following, we will share examples of overlapping the shape of statues, among others.
Free Standing
Is a statue that shows from the top of the head to the toe that stands straight.
Zonde
This is a type of statue that shows part of the object, such as someone sitting or lying down.
Torso
Is a statue that shows part of the body such as showing the chest to the waist that does not have a head, now it is often found on mannequins of clothes.
Boss / Sadada
This is a statue that shows only half of the body, a kind of view from head to chest.
Head
This is a statue that only shows the part of the head that is the object.
Types of Sculpture Patterns
From the style, the statue is distinguished, among others, as follows.
Imitative style
Imitative colors are the result of imitation of living things such as humans, animals and plants. Where the result of the form of the statue is almost the same as the physical form of the object both in terms of anatomy, in terms of proportions, and also the movement.
Deformative pattern
That's a pattern
a statue in which the object's form is overhauled and changed into a new form from the original.
Non-figurative / Abstract pattern
Is a color that deviates from its original form and is influenced by the flow of construction.
Sculpture Making Method
Based on the materials used to make the statues, the method for making the statues can be broken down into 5 of them:
Carving
This carving or sculpting method is basically a process of reducing unnecessary parts. The carving process begins with chunks of stone, wood or other solid objects that can be carved and then thrown away the parts that are not essential so that the ideas that existed earlier can be freed from the chunks the.
Shaping (Modeling)
Modeling or shaping is a method of making works using plastic materials, for example such as clay and plasticine. The material used is a material that has elastic properties, so the desired shape obtained by developing new materials in a form that is still in the process of leading up to a session settlement.
Casting
Casting means printing, namely printing liquid dough using molds to create the desired shape. Casting or casting is a cast or pouring method, the materials used are materials that are usually melted for example cement, gypsum, metal, fiber glass and others etc.
Assembling
Assembling or assembling is the manufacture by assembling methods from various materials. The materials used in assembling include waste cloth, metal, rubber, leather, glass, plastic, wood and others.
Composing (Constructing)
Constructing or construction methods have a tendency towards architectural works or building art. Constructing is assembling or assembling metal or iron components using welding equipment as a connector.
Thus the review from About the knowledge.co.id about Types of Statues, Hope it is useful
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