√ Definition of Policy According to Experts, Levels and Types
Definition of Policy According to Experts, Levels and Types - On this occasion Regarding Knowledge will discuss Policy. This discussion explains the meaning of policy, according to experts, its levels and types briefly and clearly. For more details, see the following article.
Definition of Policy According to Experts, Levels and Types
In general, policies are written rules which are formal organizational decisions that are binding on members associated with the organization. So that it can regulate behavior with the aim of creating new values in society.
Understanding Policy
Carl Friedrich stated that "The definition of policy is a course of action proposed by group, person, or government in a particular environment that provides obstacles. As well as opportunities for a proposed policy to be able to use it as well overcome in order to achieve a goal, or also realize a target or intention certain.
In the political dictionary written by Marbun (2007) it is said that: "Policy is a series of concepts and principles that form the outline and basis of plans in implementing a job. Leadership in government or organizations is a statement of ideals, goals, principles or intentions as a guideline in achieving targets."
Understanding Policy According to Experts
In order to understand the policy more clearly, below we will explain several definitions of the policy put forward by several experts, including:
According to Lasswell (1970)
According to Lasswell, policy is a program for achieving goals, values and targeted practices (a projected program of goals values and practices).
According to Anderson (1979)
According to Anderson, policy is a series of actions that have certain goals that must be followed and carried out by the perpetrators in solving a problem (a purposive corse of problem or matter of concerns).
According to Heclo (1977)
According to Heclo, policy is a way of acting that is deliberately implemented to solve problems.
According to Eulau (1977)
According to Eulau, policy is a permanent decision, characterized by continuous and repeated actions on the part of those who make and implement the policy.
According to Amara Giant Taya (1976)
According to Amara Giant Taya, policy is a tactic or strategy that is directed at achieving a goal.
According to Friedrik (1963)
According to Friedrik, policy is a series of actions proposed by a person, group, and government in a certain environment by including the obstacles faced and also opportunities that make it possible to implement the proposal in an effort to achieve objective.
According to Budiardjo (1988)
According to Budiardjo, policy is a set of decisions taken by an actor or person political groups in an effort to choose goals and also ways to achieve goals the.
According to Carter V. Good (1959)
According to Carter V. Good, policy is a consideration based on a value and also some assessment of factors of that nature situational, in operating plans that are general in nature and also providing guidance in making decisions to achieve something objective.
According to Indrafachrudi (1984)
According to Indrafachrudi, policy is a basic provision that is the basis and direction for carrying out administrative or management activities.
According to the UN
According to the UN, Policy is a declaration of basic guidance (for) action, a direction certain actions, a program regarding certain activities or activities or something plan.
According to Anderson
According to Anderson, policy is an action that has a purpose carried out by an actor or a number of actors in solving a problem.
According to Mustopadidjaja
According to Mustopadidjaja, policy is a decision of an organization that is intended to overcome certain problems. As a decision or to achieve certain goals, it contains provisions that can be used as behavioral guidelines in making further decisions.
So it must be carried out whether it is the target group or (unit) of an organization implementing the policy, application or implementation of it a policy that has been established either in relation to the implementing organizational (unit) or with the target group intended.
Policy Level
Following are 3 levels of policy, including:
Public policy
General policy is a policy that serves as a guideline or also a guide to good implementation that has properties positive or negative that covers the entire region or agency concerned.
Implementation policy
Implementation policy is a policy that describes general policy. For the central level, government regulations regarding the implementation of a law.
Technical policy
Technical policy is an operational policy that is under implementation policy.
Types of Policies
In a government there are several types of policies, here are some of these types, including the following:
Financial Policy
Money is an important thing in human life. Money is one of the economic drivers of a country's society. Money is also an object that has been mutually agreed upon as an intermediary tool for exchange in a trade matter.
There are many functions of money that we already know. Apart from money, it turns out there is also something we often hear about, namely inflation. Inflation is the tendency for goods and services to rise and fall continuously resulting from an imbalance in the flow of goods and also the flow of money.
Monetary policy
Monetary policy is a policy taken by the government to increase or decrease the amount of money circulating in society. Monetary policy is usually used as economic policy in the short term. Monetary policy is also important in the government, because it can influence the economy.
Fiscal policy
Fiscal policy is a policy that regulates state revenues and expenditures. Sources of state revenue include taxes, non-tax revenues, and domestic and foreign aid or loans.
Meanwhile, these expenses are divided into two groups, namely routine expenses, for example paying employee salaries, shopping or development expenses. Therefore, fiscal policy is very important for a government. For this reason, this fiscal policy must be considered properly.
That's the explanation about Definition of Policy According to Experts, Levels and Types. Hopefully it can be useful and broaden your insight. Thank You.
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