Definition of Groundwater and its Types (Full Discussion)
Definition of Groundwater and its Types (Full Discussion) – Water and soil are two different elements, but it turns out that there is a term in which the two elements are combined in one meaning. What is the meaning of groundwater? Is groundwater water mixed with soil? Let's discuss here.
Definition of Groundwater and its Types (Full Discussion)
Let's discuss the meaning first carefully.
Definition of Groundwater
Groundwater is water contained in the pores of the soil or in rock crevices. Groundwater is formed from rainwater. When it rains, some of the water droplets seep into the ground (infiltration). The incoming rainwater becomes the groundwater field. The volume of water that seeps into the ground depends on the type of rock layer. Based on this fact there are also two main types of rock, namely impermeable layers and non-permeable soil layers.
The pore content of the impermeable or impermeable layer is very small, so the ability to transmit water is also small. Examples of impermeable layers are galuh, marl and clay. Meanwhile, the pore content of the non-water-resistant or water-permeable layer is quite large. Therefore, the ability to transmit water is also great. Examples of permeable layers are sand, padas, gravel and lime.
Various Types of Groundwater
There are several types of groundwater, as follows:
According to the location
Groundwater can be divided into two, namely surface groundwater (phreatic) and deep groundwater.
- First, surface groundwater (phreatic) is groundwater that is found above a layer of soil/rock that is impermeable to water. The water in wells, rivers, lakes and swamps is of this type.
- Deep groundwater is groundwater found under a layer of soil/rock that is impermeable to water. To obtain this type of groundwater, drilling must be carried out. Drilled or artesian wells are examples of wells where the water comes from deep soil.
By origin
Groundwater can be divided into groundwater originating from the atmosphere (space) and groundwater originating from the bowels of the earth.
- Groundwater that comes from the atmosphere is called meteoric water, namely groundwater that comes from rain and melting snow.
- Derived from within the earth, for example turbir ground water (ie ground water stored inside sedimentary rock) and juvenile groundwater, namely groundwater that rises from magma when its gases are released through hot springs.
Distribution of Groundwater
Groundwater is divided into 4 areas, namely:
1. Areas that are still affected by the air
At the top of the earth's surface there is a layer of soil that contains water. Due to the influence of gravity (gravity), water in this region will be free to move downwards. Plants use the water in this layer to support their survival.
2. Water saturated area
This area is called the depth of the well. The depth of this area depends on topography, soil type and season.
3. Air capillary region
This region is a transition between the air-affected area and the water-saturated area. The groundwater is obtained from the capillary process (seepage up) and water saturation areas.
4. Deep water area
This area contains water that is underground/rock that is impermeable to water.
Thus our brief discussion of Definition of Groundwater and its Types (Full Discussion)Hopefully, from the explanation above, we can understand more about what groundwater is and its types. Thank you 🙂
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