√ Civil Society: Definition, Elements, Characteristics and Pillars
Civil Society: Definition, Elements, Characteristics and Pillars - On this occasion Regarding Knowledge will discuss Civil Society. This discussion explains the meaning of civil society according to experts, its elements, characteristics and pillars of enforcement briefly and clearly. For more details, see the following description.
Civil Society: Definition, Elements, Characteristics and Pillars
What is meant by civil society? Civil society is a society that is civilized and upholds human values, a democratic society, and one that is advanced and masters science and technology.
Understanding Civil Society
The word "civilized" is adapted from Arabic which means "civilized" or in English it is called civilized. Basically, civil society has the same meaning as "civil society", namely society that is in a democratic social system.
This term was first put forward by the former deputy prime minister of Malaysia, Anwar Ibrahim. According to Anwar Ibrahim, civil society is a fertile social system based on moral principles that guarantees a balance between societal stability and individual freedom.
Civil Society According to Experts
In order to better understand what civil society means, we can refer to the opinions of the following experts:
Nurcholis Madjid
The definition of civil society according to Nurcholis Madjid, refers to an Islamic society was built by the Prophet Muhammad SAW in Medina, namely a society with a civilization that had characteristic; equality, openness, tolerance, deliberation, and respect for achievement.
Syamsudin Haris
According to Syamsudin Haris, the definition of civil society is a social sphere that is outside the influence of the State and a model that is composed of the most familiar social environment, such as; families, voluntary associations, community movements, and others.
Dawam Rahardjo
The definition of civil society according to Dawam Rahardjo is a process of creating civilization that refers to shared policy values based on a way of life to create social unity and integration.
Ernest Gellner
The definition of civil society according to Ernest Gellner is a society consisting of various non-governmental institutions that are autonomous and strong enough to be able to balance the state.
Cohen and Arato
The definition of civil society according to Cohen and Arato is an area of social interaction between economic, political and state areas within it includes all social groups who work together to build social ties outside official institutions, build human solidarity, and strive for goodness together.
Muhammad AS Hikam
Meanwhile, the definition of civil society according to Muhammad AS Hikam is all areas of social life that are organized and have the following characteristics; high level of volunteerism, self-sufficiency, self-sufficiency and independence before the State. And bound by legal norms and values that all citizens follow.
Elements of Civil Society
In civil society it does not just appear, there are various social elements that are conditions for the realization of a civil society order. There are several elements of civil society, including:
Wide Public Area
The public domain is a means of conveying the opinions of citizens to all citizens have the same rights and positions to carry out political and social transactions without threats from the outside.
There is Democracy
Democracy is an absolute condition that must be fulfilled so that a pure civil society can exist. Democracy is a social and political system that originates and is implemented by citizens and for the entire community.
The existence of tolerance
Tolerance is an attitude of mutual respect and appreciation between individuals or between groups in society where the aim is to avoid discrimination.
The existence of pluralism
Pluralism is society's recognition and acceptance of the existence of pluralism or diversity in its environment. This attitude of pluralism is also accompanied by a sincere attitude in accepting differences as something natural and of positive value.
The existence of Social Justice
In this case, social justice is a balance and proportional distribution of the rights and obligations of each member of society in various areas of life. Social justice includes economics, politics, opportunity and science.
Characteristics of Civil Society
The following are some of the characteristics and traits found in civil society. According to Bahmuller (1997), the characteristics of civil society are:
- Having integration between individuals and individuals, individuals and groups, in society through social contracts and social alliances.
- Having a distribution of power in society so that the interests that dominate society can be limited or reduced by the existence of several alternative forces.
- Has membership in various voluntary organizations that contribute various inputs to government decisions so that the interests of individuals and the State can be bridged.
- Having increased and expanded loyalty and trust, so that every member of society recognizes their relationship with each other and prioritizes the public interest.
- Having freedom for the community to carry out activities of social institutions with various perspectives.
Pillars of Civil Society Enforcement
The enforcement pillars of civil society are institutions that are part of internal social control convey the aspirations of the community and provide constructive criticism of policies government. Some of these pillars are:
Pers
The press is an independent institution that has the function of social control which in its implementation can criticize, analyze and publish government policies. Apart from that, the press can also convey information related to public aspirations and news in a transparent and objective manner.
Rule of Law
Every citizen must obey and be protected by the law. In this way, every citizen receives guarantees and protection against all forms of oppression from individuals and groups of society.
Non-governmental organization
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are institutions that have the task of helping and fighting for the aspirations and interests of communities experiencing oppression.
College
Higher education is part of a social force that moves along moral lines to convey aspirations and criticize government policies. However, its implementation must be in accordance with the correct and objective path for the benefit of society.
Political parties
The existence of political parties is one of the conditions for the realization of civil society, where parties Politics is a place for every citizen to express their views his politics.
That's the explanation about Civil Society: Definition, Elements, Characteristics and Pillars. Hopefully it can be useful and broaden your knowledge. Thank You.
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