Differences between Colonialism and Imperialism: Definition, Types, Supporting Factors, Goals and Impacts

Differences between Colonialism and Imperialism: Definition, Types, Supporting Factors, Goals and Impacts – What do you mean by colonialism and imperialism? At this time About the knowledge.co.id will discuss colonialism and imperialism and the things that surround them. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.

Differences between Colonialism and Imperialism: Definition, Types, Supporting Factors, Goals and Impacts

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The 15th century was a period of enlightenment or renaissance in Mainland Europe. The Renaissance was the beginning of the rise of science in Europe, which previously had difficulty growing because of the church's very restrictive doctrines. One of the biggest achievements at that time was the emergence of the heliocentric theory which said that the sun was the center of the solar system and the earth was round.

It was this heliocentricity that became one of the factors that pushed Europeans to explore the world. Not only because of the belief that the earth is round, Europeans were compelled to travel with the aim of visiting the wealthy eastern countries. But in the end, this goal turned into an application of colonialism and Indonesia also did not escape colonization by these western nations. The applications of colonialism attempted by western nations can be divided into 2 types, namely colonialism and imperialism.

The difference between colonialism and imperialism is as follows:

• Colonialism aims to drain natural resources or natural wealth from the country that it uses as a place for colonies to be transported to the mother country.
• Imperialism aims to instill influence in all areas of the life of the country concerned.

In addition, there are also similarities between imperialism and colonialism, namely: The similarities between colonialism and imperialism lie in factors that make the colonized country suffer even more or get worse, and make the colonizing country more prosperous or proceed. To better understand these two terms, we will discuss one by one further below.

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Definition of Colonialism

The word colony comes from another language, namely colonus or colonia which means colonies (settlements). thus a colony means the settlement of a country outside the territory of its country, of which it is labeled as part of territory.

The definition of colonialism is an attempt to expand, develop, control an area with the power of one country outside the location or territory of that country. To control an area is usually done by force to get the maximum benefit for the motherland or parent country.

In general, colonialism has the aim of seeking economic dominance from resources, labor, trade in the region. In general, the colony is an area that has a lot of raw materials to meet the needs of countries that carry out colonialism.

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Types of Colonialism

• Exploitation Colonies are the control of an area or area to drain the population's labor by work forced or compulsory labor and also drained of natural wealth for the benefit of the State that conducted the colony (Country ruler).
• Population Colonies are mastery of new areas or territories by expelling or eliminating them indigenous people who are replaced by migrants who make the position of indigenous people neglected.
• Deportation Colony is an area or territory of a colony that is used as a place to dispose of convicts who cannot be handled anymore by orders. Most of them are convicts who get life sentences, where they are used as labor without pay rather than the government having to feed them for life

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Definition of Imperialism

The word imperialism comes from the Latin "imperare" which means to rule. The right to imperare or rule is called imperium. People who are given the right to imperium (rule) are called imperators. In general, the one who is given the empire is the king, and the interval of time the king is called the imperator and the area where the empire is valid (kingdom) is called the empire.

The notion of Imperialism is an attempt (politics) to dominate other countries or expand their empire by force for their own interests which is formed as an empire. The purpose of controlling here is that there is no need to seize it using force of arms, but it can be carried out using the power of religion, ideology, economy, culture, as long as it is by coercion.

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Types of Imperialism

• Ancient Imperialism (Ancient Imperialism) is imperialism that emerged more than 1500 AD which lasted from ancient times to medieval times. The motto of ancient imperialism is 3G (Gold, Glory, Gospel). Where a country colonizes other countries for the purposes of gold (gaining wealth), glory (achieving glory), and gospel (spreading religion). This ancient imperialism was pioneered by Portugal and Spain
• Modern Imperialism (Modern Imperialism) is imperialism that occurred at the beginning of the industrial revolution (1500 AD) until the end world war 2 (in 1942), the industrial revolution resulted in markets requiring a lot of raw materials to develop economy. As a result they seek areas rich in raw materials to source raw materials, invest surplus capital, and markets for industry. The pioneer country is England.
• Ultramodern imperialism (Neocolonialism) took place after World War 2 until now, ultramodern imperialism prioritizes ideological, mental and psychological mastery.

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Supporting Factors for the Emergence of Colonialism and Imperialism

The factor that most supports the rise of colonialism and imperialism is the ambition of 3G (Gold, Glory, and Gospel).

As explained above, there is a desire to gain profits from trading in the world Timur (Gold). In addition, the country also wants to reach its glory point as the ruler of other nations (Glory).

Coupled with the way the spread of Christianity carried out by the rulers of the nation to other nations who will be colonized (Gospel), so that it makes it easier for a nation to enter into another nation for colonize it.

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The aims of colonialism and imperialism

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Colonialism Goals

Increasing the country's natural resources as well as human resources, cultural expansion (just look at the old British culture carried out massive colonialism, the result was that English was no longer foreign to the ears, and also the expansion of the territory of the dignified population a country

Imperialism's goal

• Politically organized domination of the world
• Empire or hegemony which has approximately dimensions
  continental.
• Solely the influence is greater than the power that is locked

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Impact of Colonialism and Imperialism

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Impact in the Field of Politics

• Daendels or Raffle had laid the foundation for a modern government. Regents are made civil servants and are paid a salary, even though according to custom the position of regents is hereditary and receives tribute from the people. The regent was used as a tool of colonial government power. The civil service which used to be based on lineage is now a civil service system.
• Java was made the seat of government and divided it into perfektif regions.
• In the past, the law used was customary law and was later changed to modern western law.
• The Netherlands and England intervened in royal affairs, for example regarding the change of the royal throne so that the imperialists dominated politics in Indonesia. Which resulted in the role of the royal elite diminishing in politics, and native power could even collapse.

Impact in the Social Sector

• The formation of social status, namely Europe occupies the highest social status, then Asia and the Far East, for the last, namely the Indigenous people.
• There was extortion and cruel displacement. Traditions in the Indonesian nation, for example the ceremonies and procedures that apply in the palace environment have become very simple and tend to be eliminated. The palace tradition was slowly displaced by the tradition of the Dutch government.
• Indonesia's territory was surrounded by the sea so that life developed inland, the decline of trade at sea gave birth to a culture of feudalism in the interior. With feudalism, native people were forced to obey Western or Foreign Eastern landlords, causing the life of the native population to decline.

Impact in the Economic Sector

• Plantations in Java continued to grow but in Sumatra it was difficult to find workers, so the transmigration program was carried out
• The VOC's economic exploitation and trade monopoly caused the archipelago's trade to retreat on the international stage. The role of the syahbandar was replaced by a Dutch official
• Colonialism and Imperialism caused the Dutch to open a petroleum mine in Tarakan, East Kalimantan
• The Dutch built railroads with the aim of facilitating trade
  Economic liberalism
• The forced planting policy until the liberal economic system made Indonesia used as a producer of raw materials. The Dutch served as exporters, and as intermediaries, namely foreign easterners, especially Chinese and Indonesians, only as retailers. So that Indonesia does not have an entrepreneurial spirit.
• Indigenous entrepreneurs with small capital can't compete with big traders because the political door is open
  With the introduction of the land lease system, there was a change from a goods economy system to a money economy system which also spread among farmers
• The Dutch built dams, highways, irrigation, railroads and ports to support investment programs in Indonesia with a system of forced or compulsory labor.

Impact in the Cultural Sector

• Imperialism and colonialism made the political role of the elites decline, making kings or nobles turn their attention to the field of arts and culture.
• The actions of the Dutch government to eliminate the position according to the customs of the indigenous rulers and make them government employees, undermined the traditional authority of the indigenous rulers.
• The widespread development of western culture has damaged the foundations of our nation's traditional cultural life. An example is the habit of drinking, even though it is not the original culture of our nation.
• The presence of Catholicism and Protestantism
• The ceremonies and procedures that prevailed in the royal palace were also simplified and resulted in the weakening of the traditional bonds of private life

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