Fat Tissue: Function, Characteristics, Composition and Classification
Fat Tissue: Function, Characteristics, Composition and Classification – What is fat tissue? Fat tissue (adipose) is a collection of cells that are in the body. On this occasion we will discuss it further, to understand it better. Let's look at the discussion below.
Fat Tissue: Function, Characteristics, Composition and Classification
Fat (adipose) tissue is a collection of cells that store fat. This tissue is a special connective tissue that stores fat reserves. The distinctive characteristic of a connective tissue is that it is composed of cells and a matrix (ground substance). As well as fat tissue has cells where the substance is basically fat. Therefore, adipose tissue is classified as a special connective tissue. Adipocyte cells have vacuoles to store these fats.
Fat Tissue Function
The function of adipose tissue or fat tissue is to store and release energy throughout the human body. Cells in adipose tissue produce hormones that respond to signals from the rest of the organs throughout the body.
Fat in animals varies greatly, this is also determined by sex, age, and body activity. Usually the number of fat cells is greater in females than males. The function of fat tissue in animals is as follows:
Backup power
Fat is a backup energy source that can be metabolized to create energy when the body loses glucose (carbohydrate) consumption. This helps hibernating animals. During hibernation, animals are not actively looking for food, but animals must always maintain body heat and also maintain organ stability. In the absence of food intake, the body will break down fat stores in fat cells to create energy through cellular respiration.
Shock protection
The characteristic of fat that can withstand impact is useful for protecting certain organs from the effects of shocks that might change the location or structure of these organs. Sort of on the ovaries, kidneys, and others.
Heat insulator
Fat tissue is very much located in the hypodermis layer of the skin. Continue to put more fat until this layer continues to be thick. Fat on the skin acts as an insulator or retaining body heat. This is related to the temperature in the area, animals that live in cold areas can survive because they have a fairly thick hypodermis layer and thick hair.
Body builder
Fat is a significant factor for the body. This is because fat acts as a building block for the body. Fats make up cell membranes, glandular cells, hormones, and others.
Filling the space between networks
Like other loose connective tissues, fatty tissue can be found as a space filler between tissues or between organs. Fat tissue can also be found as a wrapping for organs. The abdomen (stomach) generally has a lot of fat deposits.
Characteristics of Fat Tissue
A group with connective tissue, adipose tissue has the same characteristics as loose connective tissue, the only difference being its basic substance. The characteristics of adipose tissue that distinguish it from other tissues are as follows:
- The shape of the cells tends to be round
- Cell dimensions vary
when viewed under a microscope, the cells appear as large white spheres. This is because the vacuoles are large in size and also store fat that is white to dark yellow or brown.
Fat Tissue Composition
Most of the cells found in adipose tissue are adipocytes. Adipocytes have stored fat droplets (triglycerides) that can be used for energy. These cells enlarge or decrease depending on whether fat is stored or used. Other types of cells that comprise adipose tissue include fibroblasts, white blood cells, nerves, and endothelial cells.
Adipocytes are derived from precursor cells that grow into one of 3 types of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, or beige adipose tissue. Most of the adipose tissue in the body is white. White adipose tissue stores energy and helps to insulate the body, while brown adipose burns energy and creates heat.
Position of Fat Tissue
Adipose tissue is found in various places in the body. Some positions include a subcutaneous layer under the skin; near the heart, kidneys, and nervous tissue; in bone marrow and breast tissue; as well as in the buttocks, thighs, and abdominal cavity. Whereas white fat accumulates in this area, brown fat is located in a more specific area of the body.
In older people, small deposits of brown fat are found on the upper back, sides of the neck, shoulder area, and along the spine. Toddlers have a greater percentage of brown fat than older people. These fats can be found in most areas of the back and are important for generating heat.
Fat Tissue Classification
Based on the cell structure, position, appearance, and pathology, it can be divided into 2 types:
Unilocular/yellow fat tissue
The cells in this tissue have only one fat vacuole which is the main energy storage area for the organism.
The color of the unilocular adipose tissue varies from white to dark yellow, due to the presence of soluble carotenoids in the fat droplets of these cells. Almost all fatty tissue in aged people is of this type. It is found scattered all over the body except for the eyelids, penis, scrotum and auricles of the outer ear except for the lobules.
The histological structure of unilocular fat cells is round when isolated but polyhedral in adipose tissue, because they are densely packed. In ordinary microscopy each cell looks like a thin ring of cytoplasm or a ring of cap cells. signet ring cells) surround the vacuoles left by drops of alcohol-soluble lipids as well xylol.
In terms of histogenesis, fat cells grow from lipoblasts that originate from mesenchyme. The lipids accumulate little by little separately but soon combine to form one larger drop that marks the cells of the unilocular network.
Multilocular fat tissue / brown
The cells of this tissue have many fat vacuoles and many mitochondria. They change chemical energy into heat energy when aroused. Multilocular adipose tissue is also called brown fat because of its appearance, which is caused by the large number of blood capillaries and mitochondria.
This brown fat tissue is limited in distribution, present in hibernating animals. In rats and other mammals near the shoulder, in human embryos and newborns to create heat so as to protect themselves from cold.
Multilocular tissue cells are polygonal in shape and smaller than unilocular adipose tissue cells. The cytoplasm contains a large number of lipid droplets of various dimensions, the nucleus is round in the center and many mitochondria.
Thus the review from About the knowledge.co.id about Fat Tissue ,Hope it is useful.
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