√ Solar Cells: Definition, Types, Structure and Principles
Solar Cells: Definition, Types, Structure and Principles - On this occasion Regarding Knowledge will discuss Solar Cells. In this discussion, we explain the meaning of solar cells, their types, structures, circuits and principles briefly and clearly. For more details, see the following article.
Solar Cells: Definition, Types, Structure and Principles
Currently, many people have applied solar cell devices for various kinds or types of use. Starting from power sources for calculators, toys, battery chargers to power plants. It is even used as a source of electricity to move satellites that orbit our Earth.
Understanding Solar Cells
A solar cell is a device or component that can convert sunlight energy into electrical energy using the principle of the photovoltaic effect.
What is meant by the Photovoltaic Effect is a phenomenon where the appearance of electric voltage is caused because of the connection or contact of two electrodes that are connected to a solid or liquid system when they get energy light.
Therefore, solar cells or solar cells are often referred to as photovoltaic cells (PV). Well, the effect of photovoltaics was discovered by Henri Becquerel in 1839.
This electric current appears due to the photon energy of sunlight it receives succeeded in freeing electrons in the N-type and P-type semiconductor junctions for flow. Just like a Photodiode, this Solar Cell also has a Positive leg and a Negative leg which is connected to a circuit or device that requires an electricity source.
Basically, a solar cell is a photo diode (Photodiode) which has a very large surface. The large surface of the Solar Cell makes the Solar Cell device more sensitive to incoming light and also produces a stronger voltage and current than the photo diode generally.
For example, a solar cell made from silicon semi-conductor material is capable of producing a voltage as high as 0.5V and a current as high as 0.1A when exposed to sunlight.
Basic Structure and Symbols of Solar Cells
The following is the basic structure, shape and symbol of a solar cell, including:
Working Principles of Solar Cells
Sunlight consists of very small particles called photons. When exposed to sunlight, photons which are particles from sunlight hit semi-atoms The solar cell's silicon conductor generates energy large enough to separate electrons from the structure the atom.
The electrons that are separated and have a negative (-) charge will be free to move in the conduction band area of the semi-conductor material. An atom that loses an electron will have a vacancy in its structure, this vacancy is called a "hole" with a positive (+) charge.
This semi-conductor area with free electrons is negative and acts as an electron donor. This semiconductor area is called N-type semiconductor. Meanwhile, semi-conductor areas with holes have positive properties and act as electron acceptors, which are called P-type semi-conductors.
At the intersection of the Positive and Negative areas (PN Junction), energy will emerge that pushes electrons and holes to move in the opposite direction. The electron will move away from the Negative area while the Hole will move away from the Positive area. When a load is applied in the form of a lamp or other electrical device at the Positive and Negative Junction (PN Junction), it will cause an electric current.
Types of Solar Cells
Types of solar cells are classified based on their manufacturing technology. Broadly speaking, solar cells are divided into three types, namely:
Monocrystalline
Mono (Mono-crystalline) is the most efficient solar panel produced with the latest technology and also produces high electrical power. Mono-crystalline solar cells are made using pure silicon crystals which have gone through a Czochralski process, the result of which is an ingot.
This ingot is then sliced thinly. So it will be round or circular, this shape is the result of the Czochralski process.
Polycrystalline
Meanwhile, polycrystaline silicon is a solar panel that has or has a random crystal arrangement. This type is made from several silicon crystal rods which are melted or melted and then poured back into a square mold. This polycrystal silicon was introduced to the market in 1981. This polycrystalline does not require the Czochralski process.
The Czochralski process is a process of purifying a material by crystallizing the material to be processed The crystal is placed in a place where it is difficult to react with other substances, for example quartz and noble gases argon.
Thin Film Solar Cells (TFSC)
Thin Film Solar Cell is a solar panel consisting of two () layers made by adding one or more thin layers or Thin Film of photovoltaic material into a substrate such as glass, plastic or metal.
Series and Parallel Solar Cell Circuits
Like batteries, solar cells can also be connected in series or parallel. In general, each Solar Cell can produce a voltage of 0.45 ~ 0.5V and an electric current of 0.1A when receiving bright light rays.
As with batteries, solar cells connected in series will increase the voltage (Voltage) whereas for Solar Cells that are connected in parallel the current will increase (Current).
That's the explanation about Solar Cells: Definition, Types, Structure and Principles. Hopefully it can be useful and increase your knowledge. Thank You.
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