Air Pressure: Definition, Types, Measuring Tools, Formulas and Factors That Influence It
Air Pressure: Definition, Types, Measuring Tools, Formulas and Factors That Influence It - What is meant by air pressure?, on this occasion Seputartahu.co.id will discuss it and of course other things that also cover it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to understand it better.
Air Pressure: Definition, Types, Measuring Tools, Formulas and Factors That Influence It
Air pressure is a force that works to move air masses within a certain unit area. In principle, air pressure is the same as pressure in liquids. The air pressure at the top of a mountain will be different from the air pressure at the beach.
This is because at the top of the mountain the number of air particles is smaller, which results in the gravitational force of the particles being smaller, so the pressure on the air will be smaller.
Air pressure is also the force that works to move air masses within a certain unit area. Measured using a barometer. The unit of air pressure is millibars (mb). Lines that connect places of equal air pressure are called isobars.
Air Pressure Unit:
1 atm = 76.0 cm hg = 29.92 inches hg = 1,013.2 m bar.
Types of Air Pressure
This air pressure is divided into 2 types, namely vertical air pressure and horizontal air pressure:
Vertical Air Pressure
Vertical air pressure is air pressure which decreases as it goes up.
This is influenced by several things such as the following:
The composition of the constituent gases decreases as you go up.
The nature of air can be compressed, the strength of gravity becomes weaker as you go up.
There are vertical variations in temperature above the troposphere >32 km, so the higher you go, the higher the temperature rises.
Horizontal Air Pressure
Horizontal air pressure is air pressure which is influenced by air temperature.
Areas with high air temperatures will have low pressure and areas with low air temperatures will have high pressure.
This is influenced by several things such as the following:
- Latitude of place
- Distribution of land and sea
- Annual shift in the position of the sun
Why does a mountain climber experience a lack of oxygen when climbing at a certain height? This is because the higher a place, the smaller the density or density of the air, so the amount of oxygen in the air will be less.
For example, the air pressure in area A is greater than the air pressure in area B, this is because the location of A to the surface of the atmosphere (area D) is further away compared to area B. So, the higher you go, the air pressure will be smaller.
Every 100 m rise, the air pressure will decrease by 1 cmHg. This number is called the barometric gradient, which is a number that states the decrease in air pressure for every 100 m rise. With the barometric gradient, the height of a place above sea level can be determined.
Air pressure was first measured by Torricelli (1608 – 1647) using a long glass pipe with one end closed. This pipe is called a Torricelli pipe. The pipe was then filled with mercury until it was full. The open end of the pipe is closed with a finger, turned upside down and then dipped into a vessel containing mercury, then the finger is released.
Apparently, the surface of the mercury in the pipe dropped slightly so that above the mercury in the pipe there was a vacuum called the Torricelli vacuum. The mercury in the pipe does not fall completely because the outside air presses on the surface of the mercury in the vessel.
According to the main law of hydrostatics, the air pressure above the surface of mercury in a vessel is equal to the pressure of mercury in a pipe. So, air pressure = mercury pressure in the pipe at height h = h cmHg.
Factors Affecting Air Pressure
There are several factors that influence air pressure in different places, including:
- High and low places
The higher a place, the thinner and more tenuous the air layer, so the air pressure is lower. Air pressure in a place is generally influenced by solar radiation, areas that receive little sunlight then it has low air pressure and areas that get little sunlight have high air pressure.
- Temperature
If the air temperature is high, the volume of air molecules increases so that the air pressure becomes low, conversely, if the air temperature is low, the air pressure becomes high.
- Distribution of oceans and land
The influence of land and ocean distribution is very clear in mid-latitudes. In winter, the continent is relatively cold and tends to form high pressure centers.
Weatherglass
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Mercury Barometer
One tool for measuring air pressure is the mercury barometer which was first created and used by Torricelli. Well, on this mercury barometer there is a scale that shows the air pressure in cmHg.
Water Barometer
Otto Von Genricke was the first person to use or create an air pressure measuring device, namely the water barometer. The working principle of this water barometer is the same as the mercury barometer, the only difference is that the liquid filling the barometer is water.
Aeroid Barometer
This type of air pressure device, namely the aeroid barometer, is made of metal. The aeroid barometer is small, so it is easy to carry or move.
An aeroid barometer consists of a metal box filled with air with very low air pressure and the surface of the barometer is made wavy. The pointer, spring, and numbers on the barometer scale are circular. This barometer is usually used by pilots and mountain climbers.
Air Pressure Formulas and Units
Experiments above sea level produce a value of h = 76 cm. The air pressure above sea level is called one atmosphere.
1 atm = 76 cmHg
Because the density of mercury = 13.6 g/cm3 = 13,600 kg/m3 then:
1 atm = 0.76 m × 13,600 kg/m3 × 9.8 m/s2
= 101,292.8 N/m2 = 101,300 N/m2 (rounding)
= 101,300 Pa
1 Pa = 1 N/m2
For large air pressures, bar units are used.
1 Bar = 105 Pa = 105 N/m2
So, 1 atm = 1.013 bar = 1,013 mbar (millibar).
That's the review from Seputartahu.co.id about Air pressure, Hopefully it can increase your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.
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