Characteristics of Social Institutions and Their Functions (Full Discussion)
Characteristics of Social Institutions and Their Functions (Full Discussion) – This time let's discuss social institutions. Maybe some of you have often heard what a social institution is. But there are still many of us who don't understand it, here we will discuss it in full.
Characteristics of Social Institutions and Their Functions (Full Discussion)
Before entering into the characteristics and functions of social institutions, let's first discuss the meaning of social institutions.
Definition of Social Institutions
The definition of a social institution is an institution which is often referred to as a social institution which has an important role in maintaining and regulating patterns a series of existing procedures and procedures to be used in carrying out social relations with one main goal, namely to maintain the order of life socialize.
Without realizing it, we often see social institutions that exist around our environment. social institutions found in the surrounding environment are formed by the existence of customs, norms, values, manners, and there are still other elements that build social institutions.
Characteristics of Social Institutions
According to Gillin's opinion in his work entitled General Features of Social Institutions, the general characteristics of social institutions are:
- An organization with patterns of thought and patterns of behavior that are realized through activities from society and also the results. Social institutions themselves consist of customs, rules of conduct, as well as habits and elements in other cultures.
- A certain level in eternity is the characteristic of all social institutions. New belief systems and various actions will become part of social institutions after a long period of time. For example, in a certain education system it will be fully implemented after experiencing a probationary period.
- Social institutions have one or several specific goals. Maybe the goal is not in accordance or in line with the function of the institution concerned when viewed from the perspective of culture as a whole.
- Have the tools and equipment used in order to achieve the goals of the institution concerned, such as in buildings, equipment and machinery. The form and use of these tools generally differ from one society to another.
- Has a symbol which aims as a hallmark of a social institution. The symbol symbolically describes the purpose and function of the institution concerned. For example, every armed force has a pennant, and colleges or schools have their own emblem.
- There are written and unwritten traditions that formulate the purpose, the rules that apply and so on. This tradition is the basis for the institution.
Social institutions themselves are formed by society with the aim of meeting basic human needs, which basically have several functions, including:
- Provide guidelines for members of the community on how they behave and behave in dealing with problems that exist in the community concerned.
- Maintaining the integrity of the community concerned.
- Serves to provide guidance to the community in order to establish a system of social control (social control) which means the monitoring system of the community towards behavior its members.
Functions of Social Institutions
In general, the functions of social institutions can be divided into two forms, namely:
Manifest Function
The manifest (real) function is one of the functions in social institutions that is realized and is the hope of many people. For example in the family institution which has as a place of socialization and internalization of values and norms that apply in society. Economic institutions have a function to regulate the system of production, distribution, and consumption of goods needed by members of society.
latent function
The latent function is the function of one of the social institutions that is not realized and is not the main goal of many people. In other words, a latent function is a function that is not visible on the surface and is not expected by society, but is there. For example, in the family institution, marriage is used as a means to cover the shame of the notion that people who are not married are considered unskilled. In political institutions, elections are a means aimed at gaining power simply because with power one can accumulate as much wealth as possible.
Types of Social Institutions
It should be noted that social institutions themselves are divided into several types that have their respective roles and functions in people's lives. There are several types of social institutions, including the following:
1. Educational / Educational Institutions
An educational or educational institution is a social institution that plays a role in providing knowledge and experience through a process education starts from the elementary level with one goal, namely to improve the quality of human resources and change individual behavior in a more positive direction Good.
2. Economic Institute
Economic Institution, namely a social institution that plays a role in activities that exist in the economic sector.
3. Cultural Institute
A cultural institution is a social institution that has a role in maintaining and developing culture, arts, environment, and also the beliefs that are owned by the community which are the result of creation, work, community initiative itself.
4. Religion institution
Religious institutions are social institutions that regulate the field of human life in religion, both Islamic, Hindu, Buddhist, Christian, Catholic, and other religions.
5. Political Institution
Political institutions are social institutions that have an important role in supporting and sustaining in a process of formation, distribution of existing power in society as a process of taking decision.
Political institutions themselves have several other functions such as regulating the process of political activity, as well as realizing it order that exists within and outside the country, and strives for the welfare of society as a whole general
6. Family Institution
The family institution is the smallest social institution that exists in the midst of society. The family institution itself is formed from marriage and blood relations.
There are various kinds of functions contained in family institutions such as economic functions, protection functions, production function, affection function, social control function, socialization function, and giving function status. All of these functions will help families or households in living a social life.
7. Health Institute
Health institutions are oriented towards health services which aim to make the whole community always healthy mentally and physically. Sometimes there are many health-related activities carried out by this health institution free of charge so that the community will be very well responded by public.
8. Legal Institution
A legal institution is an institution that regulates the existing order in society and provides assistance in the field of law for people in need. This is because not all members of the community understand a law and if it is related to a law which subsequently experiences difficulties, the existing legal institutions are ready to help.
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