√ Stomach: Definition, Function, Structure and Types of Disease
Stomach: Definition, Function, Structure and Types of Disease - On this occasion Regarding Knowledge will discuss the stomach. This discussion explains the meaning of the stomach, its function, structure, parts, digestive process and types of diseases briefly and clearly. For more details, see the following article about the stomach.
Stomach: Definition, Function, Structure and Types of Disease
The definition of the stomach is one of the digestive organs which is shaped like a pouch and is located in the left stomach, abdominal cavity above the diaphragm. Another name is Ventriculus which is also called gaster.
The stomach has the main function of temporarily storing and processing food. In the stomach the pH is approximately 2 degrees, so it has very acidic properties. At both ends of the stomach there are 2 constrictions whose function is to prevent food being processed in the stomach from going down or up into other organs during the processing process.
Inside the stomach there are glands that produce gastric juice. The size of the stomach varies from person to person, but generally it can hold 1.5 liters of food.
Gastric Function
In general, there are 2 functions of the stomach, namely motor function and secretory and digestive function, here is the explanation:
Motor Function
The motor function of the stomach also includes the reservoir function, namely the function of mixing and breaking down food and the function of emptying the stomach.
- The function of the stomach reservoir is to store food little by little for later digestion
- The function is to mix and break food into smaller particles, then mix it with all kinds of liquids or gastric juice
- The emptying function carried out in the pylorus is influenced by viscosity, acidity, work and volume.
Secretory and Digestive Functions
In the stomach there is also a process of digestion of protein by the enzyme pepsin and gastric juice. In the stomach a secretion process occurs which allows the absorption of vitamin B12 from the small intestine in the distal part.
Apart from that, in the stomach there is also a process of mucus secretion which forms a protective sheath for the stomach. This process will provide lubrication to the food which will make the food easier to digest.
Stomach Lining Structure
There are several stomach lining structures which are arranged into 4 walls, including:
Serous Layer
The serous layer is the outermost layer which has the function of protecting the stomach. In this layer, the cells can produce a type of fluid that can reduce the friction force between the stomach and other digestive organs.
Muscle Layer (Muscularis)
The muscularis or muscle layer is a smooth muscle layer that works without us realizing it. In this layer there are 2 types of muscle fibers, namely longitudinal, circular and oblique muscle fibers. The combination of these muscle contractions produces gastric peristaltic movements which have the function of breaking down food and carrying the food to the next digestive organ.
Submucosa Layer (Submucosa)
The submucosal layer is a layer of loose connective tissue that contains lymph, nerves, mucous glands and blood vessels. Blood vessels in the submucosal layer of the stomach have an important role in circulating absorbed food.
Mucosa Layer (Mucosa)
The mucous layer is a layer composed of cells that are responsible for the secretion process. This layer has the function of regulating all kinds of fluids, namely stomach acid, enzymes and hormones.
Gastric Part
The following are parts of the stomach, namely:
Gastric Cardiac
The gastric cardiac is the first part of the stomach which acts as the entrance for food from the esophagus or throat. The location of the heart is at the bottom after the esophagus or at the top of the stomach.
Gastric Fundus
The gastric fundus is the middle part of the stomach which has a rounded shape. This part is also called the stomach body or corpus. in the fundus where food will be stored for approximately 1 hour.
Corpus
The corpus is the central part of the stomach organ, where the chemical digestion process occurs.
Gastric Pylorus
The pylorus is the lower part of the stomach that is directly connected to the small intestine. The pylorus is also the part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum. In the pylorus, food is collected and undergoes a digestive process before entering the duodenum.
This part of the pylorus works by being influenced by the pH of the food. If the food entering the pylorus is acidic, the pylorus muscles will relax so that the pylorus door will open. If the food entering the pylorus is alkaline, the pylorus muscle will contract and the pylorus door will close, making food unable to be expelled.
Components of Gastric Sap
The following are some of the components of gastric juice, namely:
- Mucin functions to protect the stomach wall;
- HCL (Gastric Acid) is a liquid with very acidic properties produced by parietal cells. This function is to kill bacteria found in food and stimulate the work of the liver and intestines;
- Renin functions to convert protein from milk into lactose;
- The pancreas which converts pepsinogen into pepsin;
- Gastrin functions as a hormone that increases the production of gastric glands to secrete sap;
- Pepsin functions to convert protein into albumose + peptone;
- Lipase functions to convert fat into fatty acids + glycerol.
Digestion Process in the Stomach
The following is the digestive process in the stomach, including:
Mechanically
The mechanical digestion process takes place when food from the esophagus moves into the stomach. Where the food then undergoes a digestive process in the stomach for around 2-5 hours. The stomach has layers of muscles that combine with each other to carry out mechanical digestion to break down food.
The combination of stomach muscle contractions can create a movement that pushes food slowly. This movement is also called peristaltic movement which occurs every 12-25 seconds.
Chemically
The digestive process in the stomach is chemically carried out by gastric juice. In this case, food will be broken down into simpler forms so that it can be easily absorbed by the intestines. Gastric juice will make the food free from acid and bacteria, which then moves the food to the small intestine. In this case the pH condition is neutralized by the role of other organs such as the intestines and pancreas.
Types of Gastric Disease
The following are several types of stomach diseases, including:
Gastric acid disease
Gastric acid disease or GERD occurs when food does not go directly into the stomach, but instead rises back into the esophagus. The main symptom is a burning sensation in the chest.
Gastric ulcer
Gastric ulcers are caused by erosion that damages the stomach lining, this can arise as a result of infection or use of drugs that do not match the dosage. This disease can cause internal bleeding in the stomach and abdominal pain.
Gastritis
Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach that causes pain and nausea. Gastritis can be caused by several factors, including excessive alcohol consumption, stress, use of wrong medications (for example, anti-inflammatory drugs). This disease can occur due to infection with the H.pylori virus and bacteria.
Gastric cancer
Gastric cancer can occur when malignant cells grow in the stomach. Gastric cancer can be caused by smoking, infection with the Epstein-Barr virus and exposure to certain substances, for example asbestos and industrial materials such as coal and rubber.
That's the explanation about Stomach: Definition, Function, Structure and Types of Disease, hopefully it can be useful and broaden your insight.
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