Mesh Topology Functions, Characteristics, Features, How it Works & Types
Mesh Topology Functions: Characteristics, Characteristics, History, How it Works and Types – For this discussion, we will provide a review of the Mesh Topology which in this case includes the Definition of Topology Mesh, Mesh Topology Characteristics, How Mesh Topology Works, Types of Mesh Topology, Advantages of Mesh Topology and Disadvantages of Mesh Topology. So, to better understand and understand, see the full review below.
History
When did computer networking start? The concept of a computer network was born in the 1940s in America in a MODEL I computer development project at the Bell laboratory and the Harvard University research group. The project is led by professor H. Aiken. At first this project only wanted to use a computer device that must be used together.
In the 1950s when the type of computer began to grow until the creation of super computers. At that time a concept was introduced to connect computers that were scattered with each other. The concept is a time-based process distribution concept known as the Time Sharing System (TSS), so for the first time the form of a computer network was applied. In the TSS system several terminals (computers) are connected in series to a host computer. In the TSS process, a combination of computer technology and telecommunications technology began to appear, which initially developed separately.
Entering the 1970s, after the workload increased and the price of computer equipment was large start to feel very expensive, then start using the concept of the distribution process (Distributed Processing). As shown in Figure 3, in this process several host computers do a job large in parallel to serve several terminals connected in series on each host computer. In the distribution process, it is absolutely necessary to have a deep blend of computer and telecommunications technology, because In addition to the processes that must be distributed, all host computers are required to serve their terminals in one command from the computer center.
The history of computers, the size of computer hardware, has grown rapidly from year to year. This is characterized by higher capabilities and smaller sizes. Currently, computers and their networks can handle the communication process between computers (Peer to Peer System) without going through a central computer. For that, start developing local network technology known as LAN. Similarly, when the Internet was introduced.
Do you understand the historical stages of the development of computer networks? In the following, I briefly describe the history of computer development and listen carefully. The history of computer networks began with terminal computers that were connected to a central computer (host computer) through a time sharing system and then developed into a computer network terminals that are connected to a computer center (host computer) with the concept of a distribution process (Distributed Processing) which then ends with technology network.
What is Network Topology?
Topology is basically a map of a network. The network topology is further divided into two, namely the physical topology and the logical topology. Physical topology describes how the arrangement of cables and computers and the location of all network components. While the topology logically determines how information or data flows in the network.
Cables or connections in a physical topology often involve network media (or physical media). Choosing how computers will be connected in a network is very important (especially in a corporate network). Choosing the wrong topology will make it very difficult to justify it, because it is of course detrimental. It is very important to choose how the right topology for the network will be used. Usually an organization or company changes the physical structure and physical media of its network once every ten years. So it is very important to choose the right configuration
What is Mesh Topology?
Mesh topology or mesh topology is a form of relationship between devices where each device is connected directly to other devices on the network. As a result, in a mesh topology each device can communicate directly with the destination device (dedicated links).
Thus the maximum number of connections between devices on this mesh topology network can be calculated as n (n-1)/2. In addition, because each device can be connected to other devices on the network, each device must have as many as n-1 Input/Output Ports (I/O ports).
Based on the understanding above, it can be exemplified that if as many as 5 (five) computers will be connected in the form of a mesh topology, so that all connections between computer can function optimally, 5(5-1)/2 = 10 connection cables are required, and each computer must have 5-1 = 4 I/O ports ports.
Full Mesh
This type of network topology where each node of the network is connected to other nodes in the network with a point to point relationship. This makes it increasingly possible for data to be transmitted from every single node. This fully connected mesh topology is generally too expensive and complicated to implement. Although this topology is used when there are only a number of nodes to connect to each other. In a fully connected network consisting of as many as n nodes, there are p=n (n-1)/2 direct paths or branches. Where p is the number of branches in the network.
Partial Mesh
Type of network topology in which several nodes of the network are connected by more than one node with a point to point connection. This allows users to take advantage of the benefits provided by a physical fully connected mesh topology without the cost and complexity required for a connection between nodes in the network.
How Mesh Networking Works is based on a very reasonable concept and has less chance of network disruption. It is possible that the combination of so many routes and hops a data transfer can take will reach the destination one way or the other. It is highly unlikely that all nodes in a single Mesh network will be split up at any given point in time.
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Types of Mesh Topologies
Here are the types of Mesh Topologies:
- The mesh topology itself consists of two types, the following is an explanation:
- Fully Connected Mesh Topology
- Partial Connected Mesh Topology
- The main characteristic of a fully connected mesh topology is that every computer device in this network is fully connected to each other. In other words, if there are 5 computers in the network, each computer is connected to 4 other computers.
The main feature of the Partial Connected Mesh Topology is that not all computers are connected to each other. Some computers in this network are connected to each other, but some are not connected to each other.
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Mesh. Topology Characteristics and Forms
Following are the characteristics of Mesh Topology:
- There is an excessive tendency to the required equipment.
- Between nodes with each other will be interconnected with the arrangement of each equipment and equipment needed.
- The more centers that will be installed, the potential to increase the complexity of the network later.
- To communicate directly with other nodes in the network will cause the need for cables to increase.
- There is a configuration of different node typing settings that interact with each other.
- No client server
- Matrix-oriented algorithm is very suitable if applied to this mesh topology.
- A two-dimensional array which is a place where each node will be connected to each other is one of the simplest forms of mesh topology
Main Components of Mesh Topology
Here are the main components of the Mesh Topology:
- The main component that is usually used in this mesh network topology is Digital Cross Connect (DXC) with one or more than two aggregate signals, and the degree of cross connect that varies at the signal level SDH.
- This mesh network topology implements the full inter-central relationship. The number of these channels must be prepared to form a mesh topology network, namely the number of centers minus 1 (n-1, where n is the number of centers).
- The level of difficulty found in this mesh network topology is proportional to the increasing number of installed centers. So we can know that besides being less economical, it is also relatively expensive to operate.
Examples of Mesh Topology in Daily Life
From some of the explanations above, the use of Mesh Topology is suitable for use when in an uninterrupted network and requires very high speed, for example when playing multiplayer games, and ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) .
How Mesh Topology Works
In simple terms the mesh topology works is that each node on the network will be connected to each other because it uses a cable that goes directly to the destination node. So the data that flows will go directly to the destination node so that the data flowing in the mesh topology is very fast. This data flows directly to the destination node without having to go through other nodes.
MESH Topology Functions
The function of the MESH topology is to connect each network device directly to other devices. As a result, in a mesh topology each device can communicate directly with the destination device (dedicated links).
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Mesh Topology
Each computer network topology has its own advantages and disadvantages, as well as the mesh topology, so here are the advantages and disadvantages of the mesh topology, namely:
Advantages of Mesh Topology
- There is a special link
- is a strong network
- Has Robust properties
- Data transmission can be done simultaneously
- Easier troubleshooting
- guarantee the confidentiality and security of data
- Less chance of data collision
- The mesh topology is fault tolerant.
- More guaranteed communication capacity.
- Mesh topology has the ability to accommodate many users or active users.
- The main advantage of using a mesh topology is fault tolerance.
- capacity of the comunication channel is guaranted, because has more relation.
- It is relatively easier to do troubleshoot.
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology
- Requires multiple cables and 1/O ports under certain installation conditions
- configuration and installation processes that tend to be complicated compared to other types of topologies.
- The manufacturing process requires a wide space if the number of computers is also large.
- The maintenance process is very time-consuming and requires expensive funding.
- Difficult to implement or implement.
- It requires the use of ethernet and a lot of cables.
- With the number of cables installed will increase the risk of network interference.
- The level of redundancy is quite high compared to other types of topologies.
- The difficulty in installing and reconfiguring when the number of computers and connected equipment is increasing in number.
- The high cost of maintaining excessive relationships.
Characteristic features
- Internet Concept
- There is no client server, everything can act as a client server
- Peer to peer
- The simplest form of mesh is a two-dimensional array in which each vertex is connected to its four neighbors.
- The communication diameter of a simple mesh is 2 (n-1)
- The wraparound connection at the ends reduces the diameter to 2(n/s).
- This mesh topology is suitable for matters relating to matrix-oriented algorithms. The device communicates directly with other approved devices (dedicated link).
- There is no initial planning when building a topology.
- Very similar to a computer network based on its function, namely Peer to Peer.
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Topology Tools and Materials
Personal Computer (PC)
The type of personal computer used in the network will greatly determine the performance of the network. Computers with high performance will be able to send and access data on the network quickly.
Crimping Pliers
Crimping pliers are tools for attaching UTP cables to RJ-45 / RJ-11 connectors depending on needs. There are various forms, some are large with many functions, such as being able to cut cables, peel and so on. There are also those that are only intended to crimp RJ-45 or RJ-11 only. An example of a picture like this.
Function of Crimping Pliers:
- Cutting cable
- Removing the cable wrap
- Installing the connector
UTP Cable
Unshielded Twisted-Pair (abbreviated as UTP) is a type of network cable that uses copper as a base material, which is not equipped with an internal shield. UTP is the most common type of cable that is often used in local networks (LAN), because it is cheap, the performance it shows is also relatively good.
UTP Cable Characteristics:
- INTERFERENCE PROTECTOR: None
- BANDWITH: 100 Mbps
- CABLE: 100 Meters
- SOcket: RJ-45 (RJ = Registered Jack)
- COST: Cheap
- PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY: Star, Extended Star, Tree INSTALLATION: Young
Definition of Straight Cable:
Straight cable is used when you want to connect between the computer and the hub or vice versa. In other words, this method is used when we want to connect 2 or more computers, but through an intermediary such as a hub or switch.
Definition of cross cable:
This cross cable is different from the straight cable which is usually used for point to point networks or pc to pc hubs directly without passing through other media. and between the order of the wires at one end with the other end is different.
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TYPES OF UTP CABLES
CAT5. type UTP cable
Category 5 cable was chosen as the standard for UTP cable since the first time UTP cable was popular and was used for network/data communication applications. A CAT5 cable usually consists of four pairs of wires. This cable is intended for data applications up to 100MHz. However, although UTP data cables are generally called "CAT5 cables", do not confuse CAT5 with CAT5E. CAT5 cable is very identical to CAT5E cable except that CAT5E cable has a higher standard of uniformity and pair winding density.
UTP cable type CAT5E
Category 5E cable is the new industry standard for UTP data cable installations. This cable usually also consists of four pairs of cables. The bandwidth rating of CAT5E cable is 100Mbps, but the maximum bandwidth can reach 1000Mbps if installed with strict quality standards. Currently CAT5E is the new standard for all UTP cable construction. Therefore, currently CAT5E cable is widely available with higher quality than CAT5 with almost the same basic price as CAT5. Even some companies have discontinued the use of CAT5 cable in their network installations.
CAT6. type UTP cable
Category 6 cable is the UTP cable standard with the highest official certification. This cable is identical to CAT5E but meets more stringent standards beyond just density the winding of each pair of cables but also includes the level of data transmission, cable insulators and shields of each pair cable. With the windings getting tighter, plus the better the insulator and the separation of each pair of cables, the better low noise or reduced signal so that CAT6 is able to transmit data with the highest bandwidth in the his class. CAT6 cable usually also consists of four pairs of copper wires. If you are installing a 1000Mbps network or Gigabit LAN, there is no other choice, this type of UTP cable should be used.
Coaxial Cable:
The physical appearance of this cable consists of a copper wire as a core which is covered by an insulator inside then surrounded by an outer conductor and then wrapped with a material such as PVC as the most insulating layer outside. For the use of coaxial cable, it is rarely used because in general people build computer networks with twisted pair cables.
The advantages of using coaxial cable are:
- Flexible, easy to use for indoor installation.
- Can be directly connected to a computer using the BNC connector
The technical specifications of this cable are:
- Capable of reaching a maximum stretch of 185 meters.
- Terminator Impedance 50 Ohms.
Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber optic cable is a cable made of glass fiber with advanced technology and has a data transfer speed that is faster than ordinary cable, usually fiber optic. used on the backbone network because it requires a deeper speed than this network, but at this time many have used fiber optic for network common to both LAN, WAN and MAN because it can have a greater impact on speed and bandwidth because this optical fiber uses light bias to transfer data through it and Of course, the speed of light is unquestionable, but to build a network with fiber optics, it costs quite a bit of money because special tools are needed to build a network with fiber optics its construction.
Connector
The connector is used as a means of connecting the cable to the NIC (Network Interface Card) plug on your computer. This type of connector is adapted to the type of cable used, for example the RJ-45 Connector pairs with UTP/STP cable, BNC/T connector paired with coaxial cable and ST connector paired with fiber cable optics.
RJ-45. Connector
The RJ-45 connector is an Ethernet cable commonly used in LAN computer network topologies and other types of computer networks. This RJ-45 connector has three configurations, according to the device you want to connect using a 5 E UTP cable.
MJ. Connector
Is a connector that can save space, cables and can be connected with an RJ 45 connector This connector can be mounted on a wall as well as a plug hole in the wall.
LAN Card / Modem
LAN Card (Network Card) is a card that serves as a bridge from a computer to a computer network. Modem is an abbreviation of modulator-demodulator which is a device used to transmit and receive data from one PC to another via telephone cable.
Tester
Used to test the results of the cable installation is correct or not. How to Check Network Cables with a Tester The steps that must be taken to find out the network cable is still good or have broken are as follows:
- Prepare the tester and make sure that the battery in the tester can still be used.
- Prepare the network cable that we will test.
- Connect one end of the network cable to the tester and then connect the other end to the tester.
- After both ends are connected. Turn on the tester by pressing the on button on the tester.
Pay attention to the lights on the tester. The lights will flash alternately. If all the lights are on well then the network cable is still good and if any lights are not lit then the network cable is broken and must be replaced.
Hub
A hub is a computer network component that has plugs (ports), the number of ports starting from 8,16, 24, up to 32 ports. In general, the hub is used to unify the network cables from each workstation, server or other device. In other words, Hub is like a bridge that can connect several cities or provinces.
Switch
The switch is basically the same as the hub, the difference is that the switch is smarter than the hub because it is able to analyze the data packets that are passed to it before being sent to its destination. In addition, the switch also has a data transfer speed from the server to the workstation or vice versa.
Switch is a network component that is used to connect several HUBs to form a larger network or connect computers that have large bandwidth requirements. Switches perform much better than HUBs for the same price or slightly more.
Switches fall into 2 main types: layer-2 and layer-3 switches. Layer-2 switches operate at the data-link layer of the OSI model and are based on bridging technology. This type of switch establishes a logical connection between ports based on the MAC address. Layer-2 switches can be used to break up a running network into smaller collision domains to improve performance.
Layer-3 switches operate at layer-3 of the basic OSI model of routing technology. This type of switch establishes a logical connection between ports based on the network address. These switches can be used to connect different networks in an internetwork. Layer-3 switches are sometimes called routing switches or multilayer switches.
Repeaters
Repeater is a component that serves to amplify the signal. The signal received from one LAN cable segment to the next LAN segment will be retransmitted with strength the original signal on the first LAN segment so that with this repeater, the distance between two computer networks can be expanded
Router
Routers have the ability to filter or filter data passing on the network based on certain rules or protocols. Just like a hub/switch, routers can also be used to connect multiple networks such as LAN, MAN, and even WAN models
Modem
Modem stands for modulator demodulator. This modem serves to convert digital computer signals into analog signals that can be sent over the telephone network or vice versa.
Modem is used as a LAN network liaison with the internet. In doing its job, the modem will convert digital data into analog data that can be understood by us humans or vice versa.
There are two types of modems, namely:
Internal Modem
is a modem that is plugged directly into the mainboard computer. The advantage of using an internal modem is that it is cheaper, but the difficulty of installing it and moving it requires disassembling the casing (computer).
External Modem
is a separate modem from the computer. The advantage of using an external modem is that it is easier to install. The disadvantage is that it is more expensive.
UPS
Is a tool that serves as a back up voltage of electrical equipment as well as stabilize the voltage.
Satellite (VSAT)
VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) is an option for those who are in remote places and need Internet connection where there is no other infrastructure such as leased line, ADSL, ISDN, not even that telephone. The VSAT is shaped like a large disk and faces the sky. With this equipment, digital signals are received and sent to the satellite. The satellite functions as a signal forwarder to be sent to other points on the earth.
Actually the VSAT dish is facing a geostationary satellite. Geostationary satellite means that the satellite is always in the same place in line with the rotation of the earth on its axis. Geostationary satellites orbit always at the same point above the earth's surface, say above Monas, so it will always be up there and follow the rotation of the earth on its axis.
PROS AND CONS
- VSAT Advantages:
- Installation is fast.
- Available in all regions of Indonesia.
- Disadvantages of VSAT:
- The connection is relatively slow.
- Takes up space, especially for the plate.
Screwdriver
We need a screwdriver to be able to open the PC and attach the LAN Card to a PC that has a LAN card
Cat sixs
Is a tool for attaching and removing UTP cables on the Modular Jac (MJ), this alt can also mark the outer skin of the UTP cable so that later it can be immediately removed
That's the discussion about Mesh Topology Functions: Characteristics, Characteristics, History, How it Works and Types I hope this review can add insight and knowledge to all of you, thank you very much for visiting.