√ Dead Metaphor and Living Metaphor

September 13, 2023
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Dead Metaphors and Living Metaphors – Basically, metaphor belongs to a style of language that has been widely used in language communication. Metaphor itself can be seen as a creative form of language use. So, what is needed is creativity in its use. There are three basic in the creation of metaphors. First, based on the equation (similary), the similarities in the creation of metaphors are intended to be not comprehensive, but only in a part of the aspect.

The creation of a metaphor based on this equation can be related to its physical form, or in terms of some of its characteristics or character, and can even be based on one's perception. Second, based on similarities or similarities in character or character, which is written in part between the two terms. Third, based on two terms on the basis of perception. This usually occurs in terms of perception (perception, comprehension, and feeling) of the creator of the metaphor.

Dead Metaphors and Living Metaphors

Metaphor is one of the broad discussions among researchers in the field of language. This is because metaphors are widely used in everyday life by people who use language. In addition to being mapped according to definitions from semantic and pragmatic studies, and knowing the function of the metaphor itself. Metaphors are generally distinguished between dead metaphors (

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dead metaphor) and living metaphors (living metaphor).

According to Subroto (2010: 128) Metaphors die (dead metaphor) is a type of metaphor that has frozen, often used in everyday life for a long time and continuously. This type of metaphor is too clichéd, has lost its expressive power, and is frozen. Dead metaphors are also usually characterized by a very clear resemblance. Thus, in dead metaphors people will be able to understand it more quickly, because it is already familiar in everyday language use.

As stated by Larson (1984: 249) in Subroto (2010: 128), metaphor is part of an idiomatic construction in the lexicon of a language. That is, the dead metaphor is something that can be understood directly without looking at idiomatic or its comparison in language.

For example:

The trash is piled up
Sailing the ocean of life
Ridge
Foothills
Hill face
Bottle neck
Lip well
Bottle mouth
Cave mouth
Bottle belly

Another feature of the Metaphor

Looking at the examples of dead metaphors above, it can be seen that another feature of this type of metaphor is that the distance between the tenor and the vehicle is too close or too obvious. The creative nature that appears from this type of metaphor is also no longer visible, because it is often or commonly used. A metaphor that is classified as a "living" type of metaphor can become dead, if it is often used in language in everyday life continuously.

In addition to dead metaphors, there are also living metaphors (living metaphor). According to Subroto (2010: 129) living metaphors are metaphors that are mainly found in the use of language that is truly creative, especially in creation of literary works (poems, novels, drama scripts), in the creation of songs, in the language of humor or comedy, in the language of the press or journalism, in science language. Therefore poets or writers, songwriters, comedians, journalists, scientists and the like are classified as users of creative language. Living metaphors are classified as fresh, alive, and creative.

The characteristics of living metaphors are marked by the existence of equivalence or similarities between tenors and vehicles that are perceptual, vague, or cultural in nature. With these characteristics it appears that the metaphor of life still doesn't feel frozen, but is still fresh and shows newness. The following is an example of a metaphorical utterance in a poem published in Kompas (7-8-2011) along with an analysis of the metaphorical utterance.

What shadows flash in the middle of a field?

Meaning: Metaphorical speech "shadow" something lifeless. However, in this speech it is stated that "can flash", as if able to will itself as a human being.

The crow's flap or a mob of sparrows imitates death.

Meaning: The word "death" is something abstract, only exists in the shadows or dreams. In this speech, "death" is treated as something that can act, act, or live and have its own will, so that "acts or actions" are imitated by hordes of sparrows.

Build legend from his long sleep

What it means: The word "legend" which means fairy tale, story, or myth is treated as an animate creature that can sleep and then be awakened.

My awaken your fear from the swamp of dreams buried

What it means: The word “fear” as wishful thinking is treated as a concrete thing that can be aroused. The word "swamp of dreams" the word "dream" is imagined as a stretch of water similar to a swamp.

I'll brew you cups of coffee that explode the young planet.

What it means: You can imagine "cups of hot coffee" when it is brewed it will cause small explosions. Those little bursts of hot coffee are called the “young planet”.

Thus our discussion of Dead Metaphors and Living Metaphors, I hope the article above can add to our knowledge. Thank you 🙂

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