√ Definition of Total Quality Management (TQM), Characteristics & Methods
Definition of Total Quality Management (TQM), Characteristics & Methods – In this discussion we will explain about total quality management. Which includes the understanding of total quality management, total quality management characteristics, methods total quality management and the benefits of total quality management with a complete and light discussion understood.
Definition of Total Quality Management (TQM), Characteristics & Methods
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Definition of Total Quality Management (TQM)
Total Quality Management (TQM) or also known as Total Quality Management or Integrated Quality Management/Integrated Quality Management is a management approach to an organization which is centered on quality according to the participation of all members and has the aim of long term success with customer satisfaction and benefits for all members of the organization and public.
Characteristics of Total Quality Management (TQM)
Goetsch and Davis suggest that there are ten characteristics of total quality management, including the following (Tjiptono, 2003:15):
- Focus on consumers
- His obsession with quality
- Scientific approach
- Committed for a long time
- work with the team
- Continuously improve
- Education and training
- Controlled freedom
- Unity of purpose
- There is a relationship and employee empowerment
Total Quality Management (TQM) Method
There are several methods used in total quality management, including:
W method Edwards Deming
Deming has written success in leading the revolution in the State of Japan, namely by introducing the use of problem solving techniques and statistical process control (Statistical Process Control/SPC). One of the well-known Deming methods is the Deming cycle.
The Deming cycle is a continuous improvement model whose development was carried out by W. Edward Deming which is composed of four main components in a sequence known as the PDCA (Plan Do Check Act) cycle. The discussion of each PDCA cycle above is as follows:
- Improvement plan development (Plan)
- Execution of the plan (Do)
- Examination or examining the results obtained (Check or Study)
- Perform adjustment actions if needed (Action)
The Joseph M method Juran
Juran defines quality as suitable or suitable for use (Fitness for use) containing the notion that a product or service must be able to meet the expectations of consumers the user.
A popular Jurang contribution is Juran's Basic Steps to Progress. These three basic steps are what companies must take if they are to achieve world-class quality. Gap also believes that there is a point of diminishing returns in the relationship between quality and competitiveness. The three steps consist of the following:
- The achievement of structural improvements based on continuity mixed with dedication and urgent conditions
- Provision of an extensive training program
- Assists commitment and leadership at higher management levels
The Philip B method Crosby
Crosby is very popular with its advocacy of zero defect management and prevention against acceptable quality levels statistics (acceptable quality level), Crosby's views are summarized in a summary which he calls the postulates of management quality namely:
- The definition of quality is the same as requirements
- The quality system is prevention
- Zero damage (zero effect) is a performance standard that must be used
- The measure of quality is the price of nonconformance
Benefits of Total Quality Management (TQM)
The benefits of implementing total quality management (TQM) for companies or organizations according to Hessel in Nasution (2005:366) are:
- The product design process becomes more effective which will affect quality performance, namely product reliability, product features and serviceability
- Deviations that can be avoided in the production process make the products produced according to standards, so that rework can reduce working time, reduce machine work and can save usage material
- Long-term relationships with consumers will have a positive influence on organizational performance, among others respond to consumer needs more quickly and also be able to anticipate changing needs and desires consumer
- A good employee attitude will lead to employee participation and commitment in quality, a sense of pride at work, so that work is more optimal, a feeling of responsibility for improving organizational performance.
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