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√ Stem Definition, Function, Properties, Types & Stem Structure (Complete)

Stem Definition, Function, Properties, Types & Stem Structure (Complete) – In this discussion we will explain about stems. What is a stem? what are the functions, types of stems, and stem structure will be reviewed in full by those around the knowledge. For this reason, consider the discussion below carefully.

Stem Definition, Function, Properties, Types & Stem Structure (Complete)

Let's discuss the meaning of the stem first carefully.

Definition of Stem

The stem comes from the Latin, namely cauliswhich is one of the basic organs in vascular plants. The stem is the axis of the plant, on which all other organs rest and grow (wikipedia).

The stem is the main part of a plant that grows above the ground, supporting other parts of the plant, such as leaves, flowers and fruit. Stem structure is more complex than plant roots because it has segments and internodes. In the stem segment will appear flowers and leaf buds. On the stem there are branches whose function is to place the leaves in a position that allows the leaves to get sunlight for the plant's photosynthesis process. Without vascular stems, plants cannot live because the growing point comes from the stem.

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Stem Function

In plants the function of the stem is as follows:

  1. As a support for plants so they can stand upright.
  2. Supporting other parts of plants such as leaves, flowers and fruit, because if there is no stem this part cannot live.
  3. Being a transportation route for water and nutrients produced from the process of photosynthesis.
  4. As an aid to the process of plant respiration, because oxygen can enter the lenticels.
  5. Place of attachment of leaves, flowers and fruit.
  6. As a means of vegetative propagation with the graft method.
  7. As a place to store food reserves in plants such as sago

Stem Properties

Stems have several properties including:

  1. Stem growth is generally not limited
  2. Stems have the nature of the direction of growth upwards and towards the light or are phototropic.
  3. In open-seeded plants (Gymnorspermae) it only consists of woody plants
  4. Closed seed plants (Angiospermae) consist of wet stems, grass stems, mendong stems and woody stems.
  5. The stem has clear sections in monocotyledonous plants.
  6. Stems have internodes that are not clearly visible in dicot plants.
  7. Several types of stems can be distinguished from other parts, for example, coconut tree trunks, while there are also stems covered with leaf sheaths, for example corn plants.

Stem Types

Types or kinds of rods are as follows:

  • Herbaceus or wet stem is a plant stem that is weak and also watery. Examples are spinach plants and purslane plants.
  • Calmus or grass stems are stems that are not hard and also look segmented. In general, the inside of a hollow stem, for example is rice.
  • Calamus or mendong stem is a stem that looks like grass, but the segments are longer. An example is the stems of mendong and wlingi plants.
  • Lignosus or woody stems are types of stems that are hard and also strong, either in the form of trees or shrubs. Tree-shaped woody stems, for example, are teak plants.
Understanding Stems, Functions, Properties, Types And Complete Stem Structures

Stem Structure

If based on the anatomy of the stem, the structure of the stem there are three networks. Namely the epidermis, cortex, and stele.

  • Epidermis

    The epidermis is a stem composed of a single tightly packed cell without cuticular intercellular spaces. The cells that make up the epidermis are always actively dividing to compensate for the growth of the stem. The main function of the epidermis is as a protective layer from the dangers of drought. Dicot plants have an epidermal layer in the form of bark formed from cork tissue.

  • Cortex

    The cortex is composed of chloroplast parenkin tissue. The cells are thin-walled and irregularly arranged with wide intercellular spaces. Several types of grass plants have sclerenchyma tissue as reinforcement in the stem cortex.

  • Endodermis

    The endodermis is the innermost layer of the cortex and is adjacent to the central cylinder, having cells with a distinctive shape and arrangement. The layer of cells that forms the boundary between the cortex and the central cylinder in the root is called the endodermis.

  • Central Cylinder (Stele)

    The stele is composed of several tissues, namely transport bundles, pith and perikambiun. The perikambium is the cell layer that is at the very edge of the central cylinder. On the inside there is parenchyma tissue with bundles of transport vessels. These transport bundles consist of xylem and phloem which are the continuation of xylem and phloem in roots.

Thus the discussion about Stem Definition, Function, Properties, Types & Stem Structure (Complete) I hope this can be your reference and add insight about stem plants. Thank you for visiting

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