√ Natural Gas: Definition, Composition, Types, Benefits and Properties
Natural Gas: Definition, Composition, Types, Benefits and Properties - On this occasion About Knowledge will discuss about Natural Gas. Which in this discussion explains the meaning of natural gas, its composition, types, benefits and properties briefly and clearly. For more details, see the following article.
Natural Gas: Definition, Composition, Types, Benefits and Properties
Natural gas is very important for survival because natural gas is a source of energy. In addition, natural gas can also collect in coal mines and natural gas fields.
Definition of Natural Gas
Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel. Natural gas is also a mixture of hydrocarbons which has high swelling power, high compressive strength, low specific gravity and naturally occurs in gaseous form.
Basically, natural gas is collected underground with various compositions contained in petroleum (associated gas). All petroleum contents related to natural gas, in which the gas dissolves in crude oil and also often forms a "gas cap" (gas cap) above the petroleum content.
Composition of Natural Gas
The main composition of natural gas is methane (80%), the remainder is ethane (7%), propane (6%) and butane (4%), isobotane and pentane. Apart from these compositions, natural gas can also contain helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, as well as other carbons.
The natural gas does not smell, but to detect a leak, a substance that smells bad is added to it. so that if there is a leak it can be immediately detected. To facilitate transportation (transportation), the natural gas is liquefied. So it is called liquefied natural gas or also LNG (Liquified Natural Gas).
Types of Natural Gas
The following will explain the Types of Natural Gas quoted from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, along with the explanation:
Pipe gases
Pipeline gas is natural gas that flows directly from the gas field after a purification process to be used as fuel or industrial raw material.
LNG (liquefied natural gas)
LNG (liquefied natural gas) is methane gas with a composition of 90% methane (CH4) which is liquefied at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of -163 degrees Celsius. Before the liquefaction process, the gas must first undergo a purification process to be able to use it remove unwanted compounds such as CO2, H2S, Hg, H2O and hydrocarbons heavy.
The process will reduce the gas volume to be 600 times smaller. This shrinkage will make LNG easier to transport and in larger quantities. The LNG is transported by ships to LNG terminals. Then stored in tanks with atmospheric pressure. After that, the LNG is converted back into gas and distributed through a transmission system.
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)
LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) or also liquefied natural gas with the main components of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10). According to its type, LPG can be grouped as follows:
- Propane LPG
- butane LPG
- Mixed LPG (mix), is a mixture of the two types of LPG above.
LPG can be obtained from crude oil distillation or natural gas condensation in natural gas processing plants.
CNG (compressed natural gas)
CNG (compressed natural gas) is natural gas compressed at high pressure. So that the volume becomes about 1/250 of the volume of natural gas at standard conditions. The purpose of compressing natural gas is to obtain more gas that can be transported per unit volume of the vessel.
CNG compression pressure can reach 250 bar at atmospheric temperature. The composition of natural gas to be sent to consumers via CNG must meet commercial gas specifications such as maximum limits for water, CO2 and heavy hydrocarbons.
In addition, storage of gas at very high pressures requires strict limits water content as well as heavy hydrocarbons to prevent condensation and formation hydrate.
Benefits of Natural Gas
The benefits of natural gas include the following:
- Natural Gas as Fuel for Vehicles
- Natural Gas as a Source of Power Generation
- Natural Gas for Environmental Health
- Natural Gas for World Economic Contribution
- Natural Gas Creates Millions of Jobs
- Natural Gas for Industry
- Natural Gas Increases Country's Economic Potential
- Natural Gas as a Heating and Cooling Material
- Natural Gas as a Source of Household Energy
- Natural Gas Producing Steam Power Source
- Natural Gas for Weather Engineering
- Natural Gas for Processing Forest Products
- Natural Gas Increases Revenue
- Natural Gas as Substitute Energy
- Natural Gas also Supports the Advancement of Science and Technology Processes
Properties of Natural Gas
Natural gas is a flammable energy source, natural gas consists of hydrogen and carbon compounds. This makes natural gas one of the cleanest and safest types of energy for everyday use. Natural gas can be found with colored or colorless properties.
The structure of the hydrocarbons in natural gas as it leaves the ground consists of methane, ethane, butane, propane, carbon dioxide, oil, nitrogen, sulfur, and various other impurities. The processing of natural gas then functions to separate various types of impurities. So that the natural gas consumed by humans is clean.
gas treatment process
The processing of natural gas is carried out by a special factory that deals with energy issues. Natural gas that comes out is in the form of energy that can be used by the community directly, has clean properties so it is very safe.
Thus the explanation about Natural Gas: Definition, Composition, Types, Benefits and Properties. Hopefully it can be useful and add to your insight.
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