39 Definition of Culture According to Experts

39 Definition of Culture According to Experts - This time we will discuss about culture or culture. Yes, we also often hear the word culture. Our country with all the existing provinces in fact each has its own culture. What is culture? Consider the following explanation about culture.

39 Definition of Culture According to Experts

Let's discuss the notion of culture first carefully.

Definition of Culture

The word culture is taken from Sanskrit namely buddhayah which means that everything that has to do with reason and human reason. Literally, culture is a way of life owned by a group of people that is passed down from generation to generation to the next generation. The differences between religion, ethnicity, politics, clothing, songs, language, buildings and works of art will form a culture.

Definition of Culture According to Experts

Soelaiman Soemardi & Selo Soemardjan explains that a culture is the fruit or result of creation & a sense of community. A culture does have a very close relationship with developments in society. an archaeologist,

R. seokmono explains that culture is the result of human work or effort in the form of objects or the results of human thoughts in their lifetime.

Whereas Effat al-Syarqawi Defining culture based on the perspective of Islam, he explained that culture is the treasures of a group's history society which is reflected in the testimony & various values ​​which outline that a life must have meaning and purpose spiritual.

Lehman, Himstreet, and Batty defines culture as a collection of several life experiences that exist in a particular group of people. The life experience in question can be in the form of beliefs, behavior, and lifestyle of a society. Whereas Parsudi Suparian, said that culture will underlie all behavior in society, because culture is knowledge humans who are entirely used to understand and understand the environment & experiences that occur to her.

The culture that exists in Indonesia is very influential in the development of the era from time to time and changes in natural conditions in Indonesia. This is in accordance with the opinion of an expert from Indonesia, viz Ki Hadjar Dewantara, which explained that culture is the result of people's struggle against nature & the times that prove prosperity & glory people's lives in responding to or facing difficulties & obstacles to achieve prosperity, safety and happiness in his life.

There are several other cultural explanations according to experts:

1. Koentjaraningrat

According to Koentjaraningrat, culture is a system of ideas & feelings, an action and work that is produced by humans in their social life, which they make their own Study.

2. KBBI

According to KBBI, culture means a thought, custom or reason. Grammatically, the meaning of culture is derived from the word culture which tends to refer to the human way of thinking.

3. Kluckhohn and Kelly

According to Kluckhohn and Kelly, culture is all living concepts created historically, whether implicit or implicit as well as explicit, irrational, rational, existing at one time, as a potential reference for behavior man.

4. E.B. Taylor

According to E.B. Taylor, Culture is a complex whole including beliefs, morals, arts, customs customs, laws, abilities and other habits that are often learned by humans as part of public.

5. Linton

According to Linton, culture is the whole of attitudes and behavior patterns as well as knowledge which is a habit that is inherited and owned by a member of a particular community.

6. R. Soekarno

According to R. Soekomo Culture is the result of human work and effort in the form of objects or the fruit of human thought in their lifetime

7. Edward T Hall

According to Edward T Hall, culture is communication and communication is culture

8. Geert Hofstede

According to Geert Hofstede, culture is the shared programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group of people from another.

9. Jensen and Trenholm

According to Jensen and Trenholm, culture is a set of norms, values, beliefs, customs, rules and codes.

10. Fizee

According to Fizee the notion of culture is:

• Culture means the highest level of intellectual intelligence produced in a historical period of a nation at the peak of its development.
• Culture is the result achieved by a nation in the fields of literature, philosophy, science and art.
• Culture as a nation's way of life, especially its relation to customs, religious ceremonies, language use and people's living habits.

11. Bounded et.al

According to Bounded et.al culture is something that is formed by the development of human beliefs through certain symbols.

12. Francis Merill

According to Francis Merill Culture is all behavior and all products produced by someone as a member of a society that is found through symbolic interaction. Culture means patterns of behavior produced by social interaction.

13. Wikipedia

According to Wikipedia, culture is a way of life that develops, and is shared by a group of people, and is passed down from generation to generation

14. Al. Krueber (1958: 582-583)

According to Al. Krueber culture is a system of ideas and concepts. Culture of form as a series of patterned actions of an activity and a human being.

15. Croydon (1973: 4)

According to Croydon Culture is a system of integrated patterns, most of which are below the threshold consciousness, yet everything that governs human behavior is as sure as strings manipulated by puppet control the movement.

16. Dr. K. cupper

According to Dr. K. Culture Culture is a system of ideas that guides and guides humans in their attitudes and behavior, both individually and in groups

17. Djojodigono (1958)

According to Djojodigono, culture is the power of the mind, in the form of creativity, initiative and taste.

18. Dawson

According to Dawson in his book entitled Age of the Gods, culture is a way of living together.

19. Drs. Mohammad Hatta

According to Drs. Mohammad Hatta, the notion of culture is a living creation of a nation.

20. Drs. Sidi Gazalba

According to Drs. Sidi Gazalba culture is a way of thinking and feeling that expresses itself in all aspects of the life of a group of people who form a social unit with a space and a time.

21. EB. Tylor

According to EB. Tylor In his book, Primitive Culture, it is stated that culture is a complex whole which contains knowledge and habits acquired by humans as members of society.

22. Edward Spranger

According to Edward Spranger, culture is any form or expression of the inner life of society. Meanwhile, civilization is the embodiment of technological progress and material patterns of life.

23. Herskovits

According to Herskovits, culture is something that is passed down from one generation to another, which is then referred to as superorganic.

24. Larson and Smalley (1972: 39)

According to Larson and Smalley, culture is seen as a "blue print" that guides the behavior of people in a community and is incubated in family life. It regulates our behavior in groups, makes us sensitive to status issues, and helps us know what our responsibility is to the group. Different cultures are the underlying structures that make a society round the round and the community square.

25. Mitchell (Dictionary of Soriblogy)

According to Mitchel culture is part of the overall repetition of human actions or activities and products produced by humans who have socialized socially and not just transferred socially genetic.

26. Mangunsarkoro

According to Mangunsarkoro, culture is everything that is the work of the human soul in the broadest sense

27. Nostrand

According to Nostrand, culture is an attitude and belief, a way of thinking, behaving, and remembering shared by members of the community.

28. Robert H Lowie

According to Robert H Lowie Culture is everything that is obtained by individuals from society, including beliefs, customs, artistic norms, eating habits, skills that are obtained not from their own creativity but are a legacy from the past that were obtained through formal education or informal.

29. Ralph Linton (1945: 30)

According to Ralph Linto, culture is the entire way of life of any society and not only regarding some of the ways of life Name of the Society which is deemed more desirable or made high more.

30. Raymond Williams (1961: 16)

According to Raymond Williams, culture is all of life, material, intellectual, and spiritual.

31. Sir Edwards B Tylor

According to Sir Edwards B Tylor, culture is a complex whole of ideas and everything that is produced by humans in common historical experience.

32. Sutan Takdir Alisyahbana

According to Sutan Takdir Alisyahbana, culture is a manifestation of a way of thinking.

33. William H. Haviland

According to William H. Haviland Culture is a set of rules and norms that are shared by members of society carried out by its members will give birth to behavior that is deemed appropriate and can be accepted by all members of society.

That's the discussion about 39 Definition of Culture According to Experts which is explained in full, hopefully it can help you all. Thank You.