√ Differences between Animal Cells and Plant Cells (Discuss Completely)
Differences between Animal Cells and Plant Cells (Discuss Completely) - On this occasion About Knowledge We will discuss the differences between animal cells and plant cells. Which in this discussion explains the differences between animal cells and plant cells briefly and clearly. For more details, see the following description.
Differences between Animal Cells and Plant Cells (Discuss Completely)
There are many differences between animal cells and plant cells, these differences can be seen from the shape, number of cell organelles, structure and so on.
The most basic difference between animal cells and plant cells is that plants have a cell wall, while animals do not have a cell wall.
These cell differences then also have an impact on larger characteristic differences. An example is the ability to move.
Plants can only make small and subtle movements, while animals can make very active movements.
Differences between Animal Cells and Plant Cells
The basic structure of animal cells and plant cells is the same. It's just because each type of plant cell and animal cell experiences a variety of different stimuli from the environment. So this gives rise to differences in the two types of cells.
For example, in terms of ecological roles, both plant cells and animal cells have very different roles. Plants act as food producers, while animals act as consumers of plants or other animals.
The following is a table listing the complete differences between animal cells and plant cells, namely:
Difference |
Animal Cell | Plant Cells |
| Cell Shape | They come in many forms and can change shape | Cell shape is rigid and rarely changes shape |
| Cell Size | Small | Big |
| Cell wall | There isn't any | There is |
| Extracellular matrix | There is | There is |
| Lysosomes | Generally there are many animal cells | Rare |
| Peroxisomes | There is | There is |
| giloxisomes | None/rarely | There is |
| Tissue Elasticity | Tall, no cell wall | Low, presence of cell walls |
| Location of the cell nucleus | Located in the middle of the cell | Located in the peripheral cytoplasm |
| Centrosome/centriole | There is | None/rarely found |
| Respiratory organelles | Mitochondria | Chloroplasts (plastids) and mitochondria |
| Cell vacuole | Small and many | Single but very large |
| Cilia | Often found | Very rarely |
| Flagella | Often found | Seldom |
| Spindle Formation | Amphiastrally | Anastrally |
| Cell cytokinesis | Form furrowing | Forms the mitotic plate |
| pressure resistance | Weak without contractile vacuoles | Strong because of the cell wall |
| Totipotency level | Low | Very high |
| Connection between cells | Desmosome Tight junction | Plasmodesmata |
Differences Stand Out Between Plant Cells and Animal Cells
The following are the prominent differences between plant cells and animal cells, including:
Animal Cell |
Plant Cells |
| Does not have a cell wall | Have a cell wall |
| Has a small vacuole | Has a large vacuole |
| Have Centrioles | Has no centrioles |
| Does not have plastids | Have plastids (chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts) |
Organelles in Animal Cells That Plant Cells Do Not Have
In animal cells have several cell organelles that are not present in plant cells.
Centrioles
Centrioles are a pair of cylindrical structures with a central hole. Centrioles are composed of microtubule proteins, which have a role in regulating the polarity of cell division and the formation of cilia and flagella and the separation of chromosomes during division.
The microtubules that make up the centrioles have a mesh-like shape that is seen adjacent to the chromosomes during cell division (meiosis and metosis).
The net can also be called the spindle thread, at the other end of the spindle thread adjacent to the centriole end wedge.
Vacuoles
Vacuoles can be found in several types of single-celled animals, for example paramecium and amoeba.
In paramecium there are 2 kinds of vacuoles, namely:
- Contractile vacuoles (pulsating vacuoles) are vacuoles present in single-celled animals that live in fresh water. This vacuole serves to maintain the osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm or osmoregulato.
- Non-contractile vacuoles (non-pulsating vacuoles), which play a role in digesting food, so they are also called food vacuoles
Plant Cell Organelles That Are Not In Animal Cells
As in animal cells there are organelles that plant cells do not have, some plant cell organelles are also not owned by animals.
Cell wall
The cell wall is the outermost part of the cell, which functions to protect and support the cell.
The cell wall is formed by dictlosomes where the building blocks of the cell wall are polysaccharides, which consist of cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose. The cell wall is rigid and tough.
There are 2 types of cell walls namely primary and secondary cells.
- The primary cell wall is the cell wall consisting of pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose where the cell wall is formed during cell division.
- The secondary cell wall is the cell wall formed due to the thickening of the cell wall which is composed of lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. The secondary cell wall is found in mature cells inside the primary cell wall.
Between the two adjacent cell walls, the middle lamella is found, which is composed of magnesium and calcium pectate in the form of a gel.
There is a pore between the two adjacent cells, through this pore the plasma of the two adjacent cells is connected by plasma threads or also known as plasma modesmata.
Have you ever thought why plant stems are generally hard and while human skin tends to be weak?
This is because the outside of the plant cell is composed by a very tough cell wall. The building blocks of the cell wall are in the form of a wood substance (cellulose which is composed of glucose). Other substances contained in the cell wall are glycoprotein, helmi cellulose, and pectin.
Plastids
Plastids are complete membrane organelles in the form of grains containing pigments. Plastids can only be found in plant cells with various forms and functions. Plastids are also the result of the development of small bodies (plosplastids) which are mostly found in meristimatic areas.
In the development of proplastids, which are the result of the development of small bodies, they can turn into 3 types, namely the type of chloroplast, chromoplast, and leucoplast.
Chloroplasts
Chlorophyll is a cell organelle that contains chlorophyll where chlorophyll is very influential in the process of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts consist of an outer membrane that functions to pass molecules with a size < 10 kilodaltons without selectivity.
The inner membrane is selectively permeable, functioning to determine which molecules enter and leave with active transport. Stroma is a chloroplast liquid that functions to store the results of the photosynthesis process in the form of starch and thylakoids where photosynthesis takes place.
Chloroplasts are often found in green leaves and plant organs. Chlorophyll is divided into several types:
- Chlorophyll a: displays a blue green color
- Chlorophyll b: displays a yellow green color
- Chlorophyll c: displays a brown green color
- Chlorophyll d: displays a red green color.
Chromoplast
Chromoplasts are plastids that give various colors outside of photosynthesis (non-photosynthesis), such as yellow, orange, red pigments, and others. Pigments that enter the chromoplast group include:
- Phycocyanin: produces a blue color in algae
- Xanthophyll: produces a yellow color on old leaves
- Phycocyantin: produces a brown color in algae
- Carotene: produce orange and red yellow, for example in carrots
- Phycoerythrin: produces a red color in algae.
Leucoplast
Leucoplasts are plastids that have no color or have a white color. Usually found in plants that are not exposed to sunlight. Mainly in the storage organs of food reserves. Leucoplast functions to store food bodies. It is divided into 3 tigers, namely:
- Amyloplasts are leucoplasts that function to form and store starch,
- Elaioplas (lipidoplas), namely leucoplast which functions to form and store fat or oil,
- Proteoplasts are leucoplasts which store proteins.
Thus the complete discussion about Differences between Animal Cells and Plant Cells (Discuss Completely). Hopefully it can be useful and increase your knowledge. Thank You.
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