Definition of Chemical Elements and Their Grouping (Full Discussion)
Definition of Chemical Elements and Their Grouping (Full Discussion) - Here will be discussed about the meaning of chemical elements, grouping or division of chemical elements based on their properties and based on their discovery. Let's look at the discussion below.
Definition of Chemical Elements and Their Grouping (Full Discussion)
Let's discuss together the meaning of chemical elements first.
Definition of Chemical Elements
The definition of a chemical element is a chemical substance which has only one type of atom and cannot be divided into smaller parts. The atom itself is the smallest particle of the element, and inside the atom it consists of a nucleus (atomic nucleus) and is surrounded by electrons. The atomic nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. Chemical elements in the periodic system based on their properties are grouped into three parts, namely metallic elements, non-metallic elements and semi-metallic elements. If based on the findings it is divided into two, namely natural elements and artificial elements.
Element Grouping
Based on his discovery, the elements themselves are grouped into two groups, namely natural elements which are are pure elements as well as artificial elements which are made from laboratories which are usually aged short.
Natural Elements
Approximately 116 elements have been found, 93 of which are natural elements. Oxygen itself is the most common element on earth, and oxygen is also very useful for human life, namely for breathing. Likewise with the element Hydrogen which is the most abundant element on earth. The elements that exist in nature have more compounds than in the free state according to the form of each element.
Artificial Elements
Neither element is naturally heavier than uranium, but researchers can create new elements which are much heavier, which by means of combining two smaller elements together at high speed, but indeed most of the new elements are not long lasting and easy broken. Researchers always try to make the new elements last a long time, namely by making the elements study their formation and changes when the elements become heavier.
Not only in this grouping, elements are also grouped based on the periodic system of elements by scientists, which are distinguished based on their properties into three groups including:
Metal Elements
Metal elements are elements that are usually solid at normal pressure and temperature, have shiny properties when rubbed, and usually malleable so that it can be formed into other objects and can also be a conductor of electricity as well as a conductor hot. Examples of metallic elements are:
| Calcium (Calcium) = Ca | Silver (Argentum) = Ag |
| Manganese = Mn | Chromium (Chromium) = Cr |
| Cobalt (Cobalt) = Co | Nickel = Ni |
| Tin (stannum) = Sn | Cadmiumm (Cadmium) = Cd |
| Iron (Ferrum) = Fe | Potassium = K |
| Magnesium = Mg | Gold (Aurum) = Au |
Non Metal Elements
Non-metal elements are elements that are gaseous, solid, liquid at normal pressure and temperature. Non-metallic elements cannot be forged, cannot conduct heat and electricity, and do not shine when rubbed except diamond. The following are examples of non-metallic elements:
| Argon = Ar | Carbon (Carbon) = C |
| Bromine = Bro | Hydrogen = H |
| Sulfur (Sulfur) = S | Oxygen = O |
| Helium = He | Neon = Ne |
| Fluorine = F | Silicon = Si |
| Phosphorus = Phosphorus | Nitrogen = N |
Semi Metal Elements
Semi-metal elements or also known as metalloids. Metalloid or semi-metallic elements are elements that have the properties of both metallic and non-metallic elements. This element is generally a semiconductor, which is a material that is semiconducting in nature that cannot conduct electricity electricity well at low temperatures but the properties of the electrical conductivity will be better at higher temperatures tall. There are also examples of semi-metallic elements, namely:
| Boron (boronium) = B |
| Silicon (silicium) = Si |
| Germanium (germanium) = Ge |
| Arsenic (arsenium) = As |
| Antimony (stibium) = Sb |
| Tellurium (tellurium) = Te |
| Polonium (polonium) = Po |
Properties of Chemical Elements
The properties found in elements can be divided into three types, namely:
atomic properties
Atomic properties are elements that consist of ionization energy, electron configuration, electron affinity, electronegativity, atomic radius.
physical properties
Physical properties, namely the elements contained in the odor, hardness, color, melting point, boiling point, density, electrical conductivity and heat conductivity.
chemical properties
The chemical properties of elements consist of their acidity, degree of reactivity, and their reducing and oxidizing powers.
Benefits of Chemical Elements
All chemical elements also have their respective benefits, the following are some of the benefits found in chemical elements including:
Elemental carbon (C)
The element carbon is a basic constituent component derived from all compounds or from organic matter. For example, oil, coal, natural gas and fuels are also included in compounds composed of carbon atoms. If you have heard of pure diamonds here, you should know that carbon atoms are the only component found in pure diamonds.
Elemental hydrogen (H)
The element hydrogen which makes up approximately 90% of the earth's atmosphere so that the element hydrogen is the most abundant element on earth. This element is often used for fuel either in the form of gas or liquid.
Elemental aluminum (Al)
Aluminum is a type of metal which has a relatively light weight and is resistant to corrosion with a soft texture. This in turn can cause aluminum elements to be widely used in kitchen utensils, food cans and in automotive parts.
Elemental sodium (Na)
You can use sodium metal as a reducing agent in the separation reaction of silicon and boron, as a medium for conductor of heat or heat (in the liquid phase), as well as reactants in reactions in the formation of TEL (anti-knock compounds in gas). Meanwhile, its compounds, such as NaCl, can be used for cooking spices, infusion solutions, and food preservatives.
Thus my discussion regarding Definition of Chemical Elements and Their Grouping (Full Discussion) Hopefully it can add to the understanding and be useful for those who read it. Thank You.
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