Definition of River and Its Qualifications (Full Discussion)
Definition of River and Its Qualifications (Full Discussion) - Water is one of the sources of life on this earth. One of the elements that is very important for human life and even half of the human body contains water.
From the explanation above, of course we know that water is very important for the survival of humans and other living things. But it turns out that water can also bring disasters such as floods, landslides, tsunamis etc. One of the causes of flooding is due to the careless disposal of garbage in the river. So to protect the environment to avoid floods, we should not throw garbage in the river.
Definition of River and Its Qualifications (Full Discussion)
Speaking of rivers, do you know what a river is? What are the classifications of rivers and their kinds? In this discussion, let's discuss rivers.
Definition of River
A river is a part of the earth's surface that is lower than the surrounding land and is a place for fresh water to flow to the sea, lakes, swamps or to other rivers. In general, each river flow is divided into three parts, namely the upstream, middle and downstream.
River classification
Here are the various types of rivers.
Based on the water source
Rivers are divided into 3 types, namely: rain rivers, glacial rivers and mixed rivers.
- Rain river, is a river whose water comes from rainwater.
- Glacier, is a river whose water comes from melting ice.
- Mixed river, is a river whose water comes from melting ice (glaciers), from rain, and from springs.
Based on the water discharge (water volume)
Rivers are divided into 4 types namely permanent rivers, periodic rivers, epsodic rivers, and ephemeral rivers.
- Permanent, is a river whose water discharge is relatively constant throughout the year.
- Periodic, is a river that during the rainy season has a lot of water, while in the dry season the water is little.
- Episodic, is a river that during the dry season the water is dry and during the rainy season the water is abundant.
- Ephemerals, is a river that has water only during the rainy season.
Based on its origin (genetic)
Rivers are divided into 5 types namely consequent rivers, subsequent rivers, obsequent rivers, subsequent rivers, and insequent rivers.
- Consequent, is a river whose water flows following the initial slope area.
- subsequent, or strike valley is a river whose water flow follows the rock strike.
- Obsequent, is a river whose water flows in the opposite direction to the consequent river.
- sequel, is a river whose water flows following the slope of the rock layers and empties into successive rivers.
- Insequent, is a river that flows without being controlled by lithology or geological structure.
Based on the geological structure
Rivers are divided into 2 namely antecedent rivers and superposed rivers.
- Antecedents, is a river that still maintains the direction of its water flow even though there is a transverse geological structure (rock).
- Superposed, is a transverse river, its structure and processes are guided by the layers of rock that cover it.
Based on the flow pattern
Rivers are divided into 6 types, namely radial, dendritic, trellis, rectangular and annular.
-
Radial or finger, this type is divided into two, namely:
- Centrifugal, is a flow pattern that spreads leaving the center.
- Centripetal, is a flow pattern that gathers toward the center.
- Dendritic, is an irregular flow pattern.
- Trellis, is a pinnate flow pattern like a leaf.
- Rectangular, is a flow pattern that forms a right angle or almost right angle 90º the river forms an acute angle.
- anular, is a river flow pattern that forms a circle.
Meanders
Meanders are meandering rivers formed by deposition. The winding process of the river starts from the upstream part of the river. On the upstream side, the volume of water is small and the power generated is also small. As a result the river started avoiding the barrier and looking for the easiest route to pass.
While in the upstream there has been no precipitation. In the central part, where the area starts flat, the water flow starts to slow down and forms meanders. The process of meanders occurs on the banks of the river, both on the outer and outer edges. On the fast-flowing parts of the river, erosion will occur, while on the slow-flowing parts of the river, sedimentation will occur.
If it continues continuously it will form meanders. Meanders usually form in the lower reaches of rivers, where erosion and deposition occur successively. The deposition process that occurs continuously will cause the river bend to be cut and separated from the river flow, so that it is formed oxbow lake.
Delta
When the water flow approaches an estuary, such as a lake or sea, the speed of the flow becomes slow. The result is sediment deposition by river water. Sand will be deposited while clay and silt will still be transported by water. After a long time, layers of sediment will form. Finally, the sedimentary layers form extensive plains on the river banks that approach their mouths and form deltas. Examples of this landscape are the deltas of the Musi, Kapuas, and Brantas rivers.
Thus our discussion of Definition of River and Its Qualifications (Full Discussion), hopefully it can add to our knowledge of rivers and their qualifications and hopefully be useful. Thank You.
Source: High School Geography Aspirations Semester 2
Also read:
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