√ Definition of Anemia, Causes, Signs, Symptoms, Types & Prevention
Understanding Anemia, Causes, Signs, Symptoms, Types & Prevention – In this discussion we will explain about Anemia. Which includes the understanding of anemia, causes of anemia, signs of anemia, symptoms of anemia, types of anemia and anemia prevention with complete and easy-to-understand discussion. For more details, please see the review below carefully.
Understanding Anemia, Causes, Signs, Symptoms, Types & Prevention
Let's discuss the meaning first carefully.
Definition of Anemia
Anemia comes from the Greek "Anaimia" which means bloodless. Anemia is a blood deficiency disease. The lack of blood here means that the levels of Hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cells (Erythrocytes) are lower than normal conditions.
Anemia based on its function is defined as a decrease in the number of erythrocyte masses (Red cell mass) making it unable to fulfill its function of carrying oxygen in the blood. the amount required goes to the peripheral tissues (decreased oxygen caring capacity), which is practically anemic shown by the subsequent decrease in hemoglobin levels hematocrit.
Causes of Anemia
Anemia is often found in everyday life. This disease is often caused by excessive bleeding, excessive destruction of red blood cells or also a lack of red blood cell formation (ineffective hematopoiesis).
People can be said to have anemia if their hemoglobin (Hb) level is less than 13.5 g/dL or hematocrit (Hct) is less than 41% in men, and Hb is less than 11.5 g/dL or Hct is less than 35% in woman.
Signs of Anemia
Symptoms of anemia are known as anemia syndrome or anemic syndrome. Symptoms that often occur in anemia or anemia syndrome are symptoms that appear in all types of anemia in hemoglobin levels that have decreased to such an extent below a certain point. These symptoms appear due to anoxidation of target organs and the body's compensatory mechanisms for decreased hemoglobin.
According to Kurniawan et al (1998) there are three signs of anemia in general, namely:
- Lethargic, weak, weary, tired, inattentive (5L)
- Often complains of headaches and dizzy eyes
- More specific symptoms, namely the eyelids, lips, tongue and skin and palms become pale
According to Handayani and Haribowo (2008), the typical symptoms that characterize each type of anemia are as follows:
- Iron Deficiency Anemia: Dysphagia, atrophy of the papillae of the tongue, angular stomatitis
- Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia: Red tongue (buffy tongue)
- Hemolytic Anemia: Jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly
- Aplastic Anemia: Skin or mucosal bleeding and signs of infection.
Symptoms of Anemia
If the anemia persists for a long time, the Hb concentration is very low before symptoms appear. These symptoms are:
- Shortness of breath or shortness of breath, often with activity
- Head feels light
- Palpitations
- Pale
- Decreased immunity
- lethargy
Types of Anemia
Anemia is divided into several types or classifications, namely:
Anemia Due to Disorders of Erythropoiesis
-
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Insufficient iron supply creates a defect in Hb synthesis, resulting in the appearance of adipose cells that are hypochromic and microspheric -
Megaloblastic Anemia
Deficiency of folate or vitamin B12 causes disturbances in thymidine synthesis and defects in DNA replication, effects that occur namely enlargement of blood cell precursors (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow, ineffective hematopoiesis and pancytopenia. -
Aplastic Anemia
Bone marrow fails to produce blood cells due to hypocellularity. This hypocellularity can occur due to exposure to poisons, radiation, reactions to drugs or viruses and defects in DNA repair as well as genes. -
Myelopticic Anemia
Anemia caused by replacement of bone marrow by infiltrating tumor cells, granulomatous abnormalities, resulting in early stages of erythroid discharge
Anemia Based on Cell Size
- Microcytic Anemia: The main causes are iron deficiency and thalassemia (Hb disorders)
- Normocytic AnemiaAn example is anemia due to chronic diseases such as kidney disorders
- Macrocytic Anemia: The main causes are pernicious anemia, anemia due to alcohol consumption, and amegaloblastic anemia.
Anemia Prevention
According to Tarwoto et al (2010) Steps that can be taken to prevent anemia include:
- Eat foods that are rich in iron from animal sources such as meat, fish, chicken, liver and eggs. From vegetable ingredients such as dark green vegetables, beans and tempeh
- Many foods have a source of vitamin C which is useful for increasing the absorption of iron such as guava, oranges, tomatoes and pineapples
- Drink 1 tablet of blood booster every day, especially for women when they are having menstruation
- If you feel there are signs and symptoms of anemia, then immediately consult a doctor to find the cause and be given treatment
Thus has been explained about Understanding Anemia, Causes, Signs, Symptoms, Types & Prevention, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.
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