√ Complete definition of bureaucracy, characteristics, types, characteristics and roles
Complete Definition of Bureaucracy, Characteristics, Types, Characteristics and Roles - In the discussion this time About Knowledge I'll explain the bureaucracy. Bureaucracy relates to important instruments in modern society.
Complete Definition of Bureaucracy, Characteristics, Types, Characteristics and Roles
Judging from the language, bureaucracy comes from the word "Biro" which means table and "Kratein" which means government. In this way the bureaucracy means the desk of government. For more details, please refer to the discussion below carefully.
Definition of Bureaucracy
In KBBI, bureaucracy in language is defined as a government system carried out by government employees because they have adhered to the hierarchy and position levels.
Whereas in Wikipedia, Bureaucracy comes from the word "Bureaucracy" which means as an organization that has a chain of commands with pyramid shape, where more people are at the bottom level than at the top level, usually found in agencies that are civil in nature or military.
According to experts, the definition of bureaucracy was put forward by Michael G. Roskin, et.al. The definition of bureaucracy according to him is every large organization consisting of appointed officials whose main function is to serve carry out or implement (to implement) policies that have been decided or taken by decision makers (decision makers).
In other words, bureaucracy is an organized structure or rational system designed in such a way as to enable effective public policy and efficient.
The bureaucracy is carried out with several fixed procedures or rules. Meanwhile, command is in the form of a hierarchy of authority which runs or flows from top to bottom.
The bureaucracy is also known as the body that carries out public services (Civil Service). The bureaucracy is composed of individuals who are appointed by the executive and their positions are always coming and going. In a sense, these individuals sit in the bureaucracy because they are maintained according to their work performance and sometimes they are expelled because their work performance is not good.
Bureaucratic Characteristics
Max Weber explained that the characteristics of bureaucracy include:
- Administrative positions that are organized or arranged hierarchically.
- Each position has its own area of competence.
- Civil servants are determined, not selected according to technical quality as indicated by a diploma or exam.
- Civil servants get a fixed salary according to their rank or position.
- Occupation is a limited career, or in essence, his job as a civil servant.
- Officials do not have their own office
- Officials are subject to control and discipline
- Promotions are based on consideration of abilities that exceed the average.
Types of State Bureaucracy
The United States ideal typhus states that it is possible to identify the types of state bureaucracy that can be used to separate the types of bureaucracy. By knowing the ideal typhus, we can compare it with the bureaucracy in Indonesia. In the United States there are four types of bureaucracy, namely:
The Cabinet Departments
The bureaucracy is composed of several bureaucratic institutions which are divided based on their duties. Such as the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Health and other departments has the duty to carry out policies that have been set by the executive and judicial.
Federal Agencies
Federal agencies are another expression of the right arm of the presidency. This agency was formed on the basis of the choice of the president who was ruling at that time. For example NASA and the FBI (Federal Bereau Investigation). As for Indonesia, for example, LAPAN (National Aeronautics and Space Agency) and BATAN (National Atomic Energy Agency)
Federal Corporations
This type of bureaucracy is a bureaucracy that unites government agencies and business institutions. An example in Indonesia is a BUMN (State Owned Enterprise). Garuda Indonesia Airways (GIA). Railway Bureau Company (PJKA). Bank Mandiri and the State Electricity Company (PLN)
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Independent regulatory agencies are bureaucracies created for the purpose of carrying out economic regulation of the business world. Examples of bureaucracy like this in Indonesia are IBRA (National Bank Restructuring Agency), KPK (Commission for the Eradication of Corruption), KPPU (Business Competition Supervision Commission), KPU (General Election Commission), KPI (Indonesian Broadcasting Commission) and others etc.
Characteristics of Bureaucracy
Max Weber stated the ideal characteristics of a bureaucracy, namely:
- Strict work on the rules (rules)
- Tasks of a special nature (specialization)
- Rigid and simple (zakeliik)
- Held officially (formal)
- Arranged from top to bottom (heirarchy)
- Based on logic (rational)
- Centralized (authority)
- Obedient and obedient (obedience)
- Discipline
- Structured (systematic)
- Indiscriminately (impersonal)
The Role of Bureaucracy in Modern Governance
Michael G. Roskin, et.al stated that the bureaucracy has an important role in a modern government. The role of the bureaucracy in modern government includes:
Administration
The role of modern government administration includes administrative, regulatory, service, licensing, and information gathering activities.
Service
Bureaucracy aims to serve the community or certain groups. For example in Indonesia is the Meteorology and Geophysics Agency (BMG).
Regulation
The regulatory role of the bureaucracy is made to provide for the welfare of society.
Information Gathering
The bureaucratic body is used as the spearhead of the course of a country's policy to prepare related data with wisdom against some violations or the need to determine a new policy according to the situation factual.
According to Andrew Heywood, the roles of the bureaucracy include:
- Carry out administration
- Policy advice (policy advice)
- Interest articulation
- Political stability
Thus has been explained about Complete Definition of Bureaucracy, Characteristics, Types, Characteristics and Roles. Hopefully it can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.
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