Definition of Protists, Characteristics, Classification and Examples
Definition of Protists, Characteristics, Classification, Structure and Examples - On this occasion About Knowledge will discuss about Protista. Which in this discussion explains the meaning of protists, their classification, characteristics, and structure briefly and clearly. To understand it more easily, please refer to the following article.
Definition of Protists, Characteristics, Classification, Structure and Examples
The definition of protists is a group of living things that have cell walls or are eukaryotic that are not included in the kingdom of animals (animalia), plants (plantae) and even fungi (fungi). Most protists are organisms that have one cell or are unicellular.
Protista in Greek is Protos which has the first meaning, while zoa means animal. So Protista is the first group of eukaryotic living things.
In the classification system and the placement of protists themselves, there is a classification system for kingdoms 3, 4, 5 and also 6, while for the classification of the kingdom of living things it is 7.
Characteristics and Structure of Protists
The following are some of the characteristics and structures of Protista, namely:
- Protists have additional growth tools like cilia and flagella which are hairs that have a function of locomotion.
- • Protists can easily be found in water areas.
- • Has properties that are autotrophs, that is, they can produce their own food and also heterotrophs, which are not able to produce their own food.
- • When looking at the respiratory system, the kingdom protista can be divided into 2 groups, namely those that require oxygen (aerobic) or also an environment where there is no oxygen (anaerobic).
Protist Structure
When viewed as a whole, the body structure of protists include:
- Food Vocuoles as which have a function for food digestion.
- The cell membrane also has a function to protect and regulate gas and food.
- Contractile vocuoles have a function for food disposal.
- The cell nucleus has a function for activation in cell use.
- Cytoplasm.
Classification of Protists
The following is a classification of these protists, including the following:
1. Animal-like Protists (Protozoa)
Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotic living creatures that can reproduce and also move like animals. This species is a cosmopolitan organism which can live and is found in soil, water, air or other places. Protozoa can reproduce sexually or asexually.
2. Plant-like Protists (Algae)
Generally, protists that are similar to multicellular plants are called algae and those that are similar to unicellular are also called phytoplankton. In this case, both phytoplankton and algae play an important role in supplying oxygen to the atmosphere through photosynthesis.
Not only that, there are also protists that are similar to plants, divided into 7 phyla, including:
- Euglenophyta
Phylum Euglenophyta are unicellular organisms that have flagella (whip hairs), stigmas or light-capturing spots and chloroplasts.
- Chrysophyta (Golden Algae)
Phylum Chrysophyta are organisms whose members have a variety of shapes and also the general structure of algae that have a golden brown color.
- Pyrrophyta/Dinoflagellates (Fire Algae)
The name this algae appears due to the presence of several characteristics of protist members, they can glow at night.
- Phaeophyta (brown algae)
Algae or "phaeophyta" itself comes from the Greek word "phaeios" which means brown. Phaeophyta is a group of protists that are similar to plants that have a dominant pigment in the form of carotene, namely fucoxanthin. Which can give a brown color on his body.
- Bacillariophyta (Diatoms)
Phylum is a phylum that has the most members when compared to other groups of plant-like protists. Usually Bacillariophyta are unicellular organisms that cannot move and also live which are like plankton.
- Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
Rhodophyta is a phylum that has the dominant pigment phycobilin which is this phycoeitrin so that this can give it a red color on its body. However, rhodophyta have a phycocyanin pigment which can give a blue color (but not dominant).
- Chlorophyta (Green Algae)
Chlorophyta has a body that has a greenish color, which is the dominant pigment in the body of this green algae, which is called chlorophyll. Not only has a little carotene (yellow pigment). Chlorophyta are unicellular organisms that can colonize by forming a simple multiseller organism.
3. Fungus-like protists
Which group of protists are similar to fungi because they have body structures, ways of reproduction, and characteristics similar to fungi. The only difference is in its nature, in which the fungus (fungi) is immotile (has a zygote that doesn't can move) while in protists which are similar to this fungus are motile (have a zygote that can move).
The following are protists that are similar to mushrooms, including:
- Myxomycota (Slime Fungus)
Myxomycota or plasmodial slime molds in which all members of Myxoycota are heterotrophs. Because it cannot carry out photosynthesis as it is unable to produce its own food.
- Acrasiomycota
Acrasiomycota are cellular slime molds. In contrast to this myxomycota is a plasmodium slime mold. The basic difference between the two is that Acrasiomycota is a haploid organism (only has one set of chromosomes), and only the zygote is diploid (has two sets chromosome). Meanwhile, Myxomycota live their lives more dominantly, namely as diploid organisms.
- Oomycota (Water Fungus)
Actually the name of Oomycota (water mushroom) is not quite right, because it is still included in one of the phylum species. The word Oomycota was originally from a word which was "Oo" which means egg. As for "Mycota" which means mushroom. Most of these oomycota live as decomposers and also have an important role in aquatic habitats.
The Role of Protists for Life
Protists also have a role in life. The role can be lucrative. The following is a description of the role of protists for life:
1. The Beneficial Role of Protists
Usually from the algae group. As protists that are similar to plants, algae are producers for other organisms in an ecosystem, especially in aquatic ecosystems.
Not only that, algae also have a beneficial role for other organisms. Examples are such as food ingredients, as well as medicinal ingredients, and also basic ingredients for cosmetics, not only that, algae too can be cultivated by making the basic ingredients of various products, such as food and also for ingredients cosmetics.
2. The Harmful Role of Protists
Of the members of Protista there are also those that are detrimental, for example, namely Protozoa. Most of the members of Protozoa are pathogenic to humans and animals, for example, in the phylum Rhizopoda. Have you ever experienced dysentery? Dysentery is a disease with symptoms of bowel movements mixed with mucus. The cause itself is from Entamoeba dysentriae. Another example is Entamoeba histolitica which can cause amebiasis.
Thus the explanation about Definition of Protists, Characteristics, Classification, Structure and Examples, hopefully it can be useful and add to your insight. Thank You.
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