√ Definition of Radioactivity, Types, Properties, Benefits & Health Effects
Definition of Radioactivity, Types, Properties, Benefits & Health Effects – In this discussion we will explain about radioactivity. Which includes the definition of radioactivity, types of radioactivity, properties, benefits and effects on health which are discussed in full and light. For more details, please see the review below carefully.
Definition of Radioactivity, Types, Properties, Benefits & Health Effects
Let's discuss the meaning of radioactivity first carefully.
Definition of Radioactivity
Radioactive is an element that suddenly emits radiation. These elements often have atomic numbers above 83, an example is Uranium with atomic number 92.
The use of radioactive materials, specifically radioactive radiation, is based on the radiation's ability to cause changes such as ionizing nuclides or molecules, breaking bonds between atoms so that free radicals are produced, nuclides or nucleons become radioactive will release some energy hot.
To be able to use it effectively and efficiently, first identify it to find out the type and amount of radiation to be used. This is important to do because each type of radiation has different or distinctive properties so that it can be found its existence both in the type and amount of radiation, it is also important to use methods and techniques that are specific to each type radiation.
Radioactive decay occurs in three types namely alpha, beta and gamma decay with the symbol for the first letter of the Greek alphabet. Radioactive decay occurs in unstable atomic nuclei ie those that do not have sufficient binding energy to hold the nucleus together due to an excess of either protons or neutrons.
Gamma radiation is the most powerful of the three and will be able to penetrate several centimeters of lead. Beta particles will be absorbed by a few millimeters of aluminum while alpha particles will stop their tracks if they are a few centimeters in the air or a piece of paper.
Types of Radioactive Rays
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Alpha Ray
- Alpha rays are composed of a helum nucleus which contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons
- Discovered in 1903 by Ernest Rutherford (1871-1973)
- The charge is positive, so it can bend towards the negative pole in a positive field
- High ionization power, but low penetrating power of an object
- Small penetrating power, a-rays only have a range of 2.8 to 8.5 cm in air and can be held by a plain sheet of paper.
-
Beta Ray
- Beta rays are composed of fast-moving electrons
- Discovered in 1903 by Ernest Rutherford (1871-1973)
- The charge is negative, so that in the electric field it bends to the positive pole
- Greater penetrating power than alpha rays, beta rays can penetrate thick aluminum plates
- Can ionize objects that are passed
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Gamma rays
- Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves, similar to type C rays but of very short wavelength with a length of 1-10-3
- Discovered by Paul Ultich Villard
- It has no electric charge, therefore it cannot be deflected by a magnetic/electric field
- Penetration power is very high and can only be resisted by a layer of steel or concrete
- Can ionize the material it passes through, but not as strong as alpha or beta rays
Properties of Radioactive Rays
- Has great penetrating power
- Can ionize gases
- It can fluoresce if it falls on the surface of a substance coated with zinc sulfide (ZnS) or zinc blende.
Radioactive Benefits for Agriculture
The presence of radioactivity can be used for agriculture, including:
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Eradicating Pests with the Barren Male Technique
Radiation can cause biological effects, for example on cabbage pests, cabbage pests are bred in laboratories in large quantities and forms. The pests are then irradiated so that the male insects become sterile. Then the pests are released in the pest infested area.
Then, with the release of pests in the area so that mating between local pests and infertile males can occur, the eggs resulting from the marriage will not hatch. So that the reproduction of these pests becomes disturbed and the population will decrease.
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Plant breeding
Plant breeding or the formation of superior seeds can be done by utilizing radiation. For example breeding rice seedlings, rice seedlings are given irradiation with doses that vary from the smallest dose that has no effect to low doses that are lethal. Seeds that have been irradiated are then sown and planted in groups according to the size of the dose given.
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Storing Food
Food ingredients such as potatoes and onions when stored will sprout. With radiation can inhibit the growth of these materials into shoots. So before the material is stored, it will be given radiation with a certain dose so that it will not germinate and thus can be stored for a long time.
Radioactive Effects For Human Health / Radioactive Hazards
There are 2 main health effects caused by radiation, namely short and long term and shorter and longer distances. Radiation can cause health problems by killing cells in the body and the number and number of them the type of damage caused depends on the dose of radiation given and the time of the dose spread.
Radioactive material that spreads to wider parts of the body can cause long-term health effects through prolonged exposure, especially if the substance enters through food, is inhaled or is ingested direct. Radioactive isotopes of iodine that undergo beta decay can accumulate in the thyroid gland and can cause thyroid cancer.
Thus has been explained about Definition of Radioactivity, Types, Properties, Benefits & Health Effects hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read our other articles.
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