√ 18 Definition of Propaganda, Types, Characteristics, Systems, Methods & Examples

18 Definition of Propaganda, Types, Characteristics, Systems, Methods & Examples – In this discussion we will explain about propaganda. Explanation which includes the definition, types and examples in full.

18 Definition of Propaganda, Types, Characteristics, Systems, Methods & Examples

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Definition of Propaganda

Propaganda comes from the Latin, propagare which means expanding or expanding. Propaganda is a series of messages that have the aim of influencing the opinions and behavior of the public or a group of people.

Another definition of propagand is a deliberate and systematic effort to make/shape perceptions, manipulate nature thoughts or cognition and directly influence behavior in order to provide the response desired by the actor propaganda.

Definition of Propaganda According to Experts

The following is the meaning of propaganda according to some experts:

1. Leonard W. Dobb

The definition of propaganda according to Leonard W. Dobb is the efforts made by individuals who have an interest in controlling attitudes groups including by using suggestions, so that the result is control over group activities the.

2. Jasques Elul

The definition of propaganda according to Jasques Ellul is communication used by an organized group that wants to create active participation or passive in the actions of a mass consisting of individuals, united psychologically and incorporated in a group or organization.

3. Garts Jowet and Victoria O'Donnell

The definition of propaganda according to Garts Jowet and Victoria O'Donnell is a deliberate and systematic attempt to forming perceptions, manipulating thoughts, and directing behavior to get the reaction the broadcaster wants propaganda.

4. Wikipedia

The definition of propaganda according to Wikipedia is a series of messages that aim to influence the opinions and behavior of the public or a group of people.

5. KBBI (Big Indonesian Dictionary)

The definition of propaganda according to KBBI is information (understanding, opinion, and so on) that is true or false developed with the aim of convincing people to adhere to a school, attitude, or course of action certain.

6. Everyman's Encyclopedia

The definition of propaganda according to Everyman's Encyclopedia is an art to spread and convince a belief, especially religious or political beliefs.

7. Prof. Dr. Mar'at

The definition of propaganda according to Prof. Dr. Mar'at is a systematic method of business and is really thought out in depth where the technique or This method/effort is carried out either by a person or a group of people to influence the opinions or attitudes of other people or groups other.

8. Drs. R. Roekomy

The definition of propaganda according to Drs. R. Roekomy is an attempt to influence other people based on psychological factors about something that is new or the truth is not yet known so that it is made as expected.

9. Prof. Onong Uchyna Efendi

The definition of propaganda according to Prof. Onong Uchyna Efendi is a planned, systematic and repeated communication for influencing a person, audience or nation to carry out certain activities with their own awareness without coercion or forced.

10. Drs. R.A Santoso Sastropoetro

The definition of propaganda according to Drs. R.A Santoso Sastropoetro is a dissemination of messages that have been carefully planned to transform attitudes, views, opinions and behavior of the recipient of the communication in accordance with the pattern set by communicator.

11. Ralph D. Casey

The definition of propaganda according to Ralph D. Casey is the deliberate and conscious effort to fix an attitude or modify an opinion as it relates to a doctrine or program and on the other hand the conscientious effort of the agencies of communications to disseminate facts in a spirit of objectivity and honesty. (Propaganda is an attempt made intentionally and consciously to establish an attitude or change an opinion related to something doctrine or program and on the other hand is a conscious of communication institutions to disseminate facts in a spirit of objectivity and honesty).

12. Barnays

The definition of propaganda according to Barnays Modern propaganda is a consistent, enduring effort to create or shape events to influence the relations of the public to an enterprise idea or group. (Modern propaganda is a consistent and continuous attempt to create or shape events to influence public relations with an authority or group.)

13. Lasswell

The definition of propaganda according to Lasswell Propaganda is the broadcast sense the technique of influencing human action by the manipulation of representations. (Propaganda is a broad meaning, is a technique to influence human activities by manipulating their representations. (Representation in this case means activity or speaking for a group activity).

14. Qualter

The definition of propaganda according to Qualter Propaganda is the deliberate attempt by some individual or group to form, control or alter the attitude of other groups by the use of the instruments of communication with the intention that in any given situation the reaction of those so influenced will be that desired by propagandist. (Propaganda is an attempt made intentionally by some individuals or groups to shape, control or change the attitudes of other groups by using communication media with the aim that in every available situation, the reaction of those affected will be as desired by the person propaganda.)

15. Ferdinand Tonnies

The definition of propaganda according to Ferdinand Tonnes is an activity to mobilize opinions general public (mass opinion) on a large scale with the aim of spreading an idea regardless of suitability and the truth.

16. International Encyclopedia

The definition of propaganda according to the International Encyclopedia is a type of communication that seeks influencing views and reactions, regardless of whether the message is true or not be delivered.

17. Carl I. Hovlan

The definition of propaganda according to Carl I. Hovlan is an attempt to strictly formulate the principles of information dissemination and the formation of opinions and attitudes.

18. William Albig

The definition of propaganda according to William Albig was originally propaganda activities based on word of mouth communication and print media that reached small groups.

Types of Propaganda

Propaganda is distinguished based on 2 types, namely based on the source and type.

Types of Propaganda by Type

Based on the type of propaganda is divided into four, namely:

• Vertical Propaganda: is propaganda carried out through the mass media.
• Horizontal Propaganda: is propaganda carried out through interpersonal communication and organizational communication rather than mass communication.
• Integration Propaganda: is propaganda carried out by instilling doctrines.
• Agitation Propaganda: is propaganda that aims to make communication willing to make sacrifices great for the ongoing goals and sacrifice their souls in an effort to realize the ideals.

Types of Propaganda by Source

Based on the source of propaganda is divided into four, namely:

• White Propaganda / White Propaganda
  Propaganda is carried out honestly, correctly and sportingly. The contents of the notified message and its source are clear. This type of propaganda is often used to spread information or ideology by mentioning the source and is done openly so that you can easily find out the source. Also known as open propaganda.
• Black Propaganda / Black Propaganda
  This propaganda comes from sources that are considered friendly but are actually hostile. This propaganda was carried out badly and as a tactical weapon to deceive, full of falsehood, dishonest, unethical and tended to be one-sided. The sources mentioned are not actual sources, sometimes they often accuse other sources of doing this.
• Gray Propaganda
  This propaganda comes from those who are considered neutral but are actually hostile.
  Done by an unknown group. The content of this propaganda message creates doubt, confuses people's minds, pits one against the other, intrigues and gossip. Deliberately designed to make the masses doubt the problems that are currently developing.
• Rational Propaganda / Rational Propaganda
  Propaganda is propaganda that clearly reveals its source and its purpose is explained rationally.

The Nature of Propaganda

• Closed/veiled
• Open
• Initially closed but gradually opened

Propaganda System

• The use of symbols so that the communicant is not aware of the direction and purpose of the communicator's wishes.
• The use of facts as a means of coercion so that the communicant receives the message and takes action as expected by the communicator.

Propaganda Method

1. Coercive Method: A communication by creating a sense of fear for the communicant so that unconsciously act according to the wishes of the communicator.
2. Persuasive Method: A communication by generating a sense of voluntary will for the communicant so that unconsciously he can immediately act in accordance with the wishes of the communicator.
3. Pervasive Method: A communication by way of spreading messages and carried out continuously or repeatedly to the communicant so that he imitates or becomes part of what he wants communicator.

Propaganda Example

The following are examples of propaganda which include:

• White Propaganda: RRI and TVRI are mass media that from the past until now have been used by the government as tools communications to convey information about government policies to the people of Indonesia extensively.
• Black Propaganda: Some time ago we heard that a moderator of an organization's friendly gathering said that the speaker those they borrowed could not come because they had been kidnapped by the BIN (State Intelligence Agency), but the accusations did not proven.

Thus the above discussion regarding 18 Definition of Propaganda, Types, Characteristics, Systems, Methods & Examples, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge about propaganda. Thank you for visiting