Definition of Sovereignty, Form, Type and Characteristics
Definition of Sovereignty, Form, Type and Characteristics – In this discussion we will explain about sovereignty. An explanation that includes the meaning of sovereignty, forms of sovereignty, types of sovereignty and nature of sovereignty which will be discussed in full and easy to understand.
Definition of Sovereignty, Form, Type and Characteristics
For more details, see the review below carefully.
Definition of Sovereignty
According to Wikipedia, Sovereignty is an exclusive right to control an area of government, society, or over oneself. There are adherents of two theories based on gifts from God or society.
Meanwhile according to KBBI (Big Indonesian Dictionary) Sovereignty is the highest authority over regional state government and so on.
In a constitutional and international law, sovereignty is related to a government that has full control over the internal affairs of its own country a territory on its territorial or geographical boundaries, and in certain contexts associated with various organizations or institutions that have legal jurisdiction Alone.
form of Sovereignty
Sovereignty has 2 forms that have different systems.
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Inward Sovereignty
Inward Sovereignty, namely the state or government has the right to regulate all the interests of the people or the country through various countries formed by the country.
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Overseas Sovereignty
External Sovereignty is that the government has power that is free, not bound and not subject to any other power other than the provisions that have been determined.
Types of Sovereignty
Sovereignty types are divided into 4 types which can be seen in the explanation below.
1. God's Sovereignty
God's Sovereignty is a sovereignty that comes from God that has been given to a king or ruler. In this case God's will manifests itself in a king or ruler, so a king is considered as God's messenger or God's representative.
Rules carried out by the authorities are sourced from God, therefore the people must obey and submit to an order from the authorities. God's Sovereignty is embraced by several figures including Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Marsillius, and F.J. Stahl. Its application was once implemented in the State of Ethiopia during the time of King Haile Selassi, the Netherlands and Japan during the time of Emperor Tenno Heika.
2. King's Sovereignty
King's Sovereignty is a form of state sovereignty which is in the hands of the King, because a king is the embodiment of God's will and is a shadow of God. In order for the country to be strong and solid, a King must have strong power and have no boundaries so that the people must be willing to give up their rights and power to a King. Figures who have an understanding of King's sovereignty include Niccolo Machiavelli, Jean Bodin, Thomas Hobbes and F. Hegel. This theory was once applied in France during the reign of King Louis XIV.
3. State Sovereignty
State sovereignty is a government power that originates from a state sovereignty. Because the source is from the state, the state is considered to have unlimited power, and this power is handed over to the King on behalf of a country. A country can make its own rule of law, therefore the state is not obliged to obey the law. Followers of this theory are George Jellinenk and Paul Laband. This theory was once applied in the Russian State during the reign of the Tsar and Germany during the time of Hitler.
4. Rule of Law
The Sovereignty of Law is a supreme power. In this sovereignty, state power must originate from a law, and the source itself originates from a sense of justice and legal awareness. According to this theory, a country is expected to become a rule of law, which means that all actions of state administrators and people must be based on applicable law. Adherents of this theory include H. Krabbe, Immanuel Kant, and Kranenburg. This sovereignty has been implemented in most countries in Europe and America.
5. Population sovereignty
People's Sovereignty is a sovereignty whose supreme power is in the hands of the people. The people give power to the rulers to run a system of government through an agreement called a social contract. A state leader is elected and determined by the will of the people through representatives who sit in a government and on the contrary, the ruler of the state must recognize and protect the rights of the people and run a government based on people's aspirations.
If the state ruler is unable or unable to guarantee the rights of the people and cannot fulfill the aspirations of the people, then the people can just replace the leader with a new leader. Adherents of this theory include Solon, John Locke, Montesquieu, J.J Rousseau. This theory of sovereignty is applied almost all over the world, but its implementation depends on the regime in power at the time, the ideology and culture of each country.
The Attributes of Sovereignty
In a sovereign there are several characteristics, namely:
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Permanent or Fixed
Permanent or fixed nature means that even if a state reorganizes in structure, sovereignty will not change. -
Original
The nature of genuine sovereignty means that this sovereignty does not originate from other, higher powers, which means that no one created that sovereignty because it was formed by itself. -
Absolute
Absolute means that in a country there is no other power that is higher than sovereignty. -
Cannot be divided
Which means that an sovereignty may not be divided into several specific bodies because this will lead to pluralism or a pluralistic society within a sovereign. -
Unlimited
The nature of sovereignty is not limited, meaning that sovereignty includes every person and a group that is in a country without exception.
Thus has been explained about Definition of Sovereignty, Form, Type and Characteristics , hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting.
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