√ Syntax: Definition, Structure, Objects and Their Functions
Syntax: Definition, Structure, Objects and Their Functions - On this occasion About Knowledge will discuss about Syntax. Which in this discussion explains the meaning of syntax, structure, object, scope, and function briefly and clearly. For more details, see the following explanation.
Syntax: Definition, Structure, Objects and Their Functions
In general, syntax consists of subject (S), predicate (P), object (O), and information (K) relating to syntactic functions. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and numerals are related to syntactic categories. As for actors, sufferers, and recipients with regard to the role of syntax.
Definition of Syntax
The syntax itself comes from the Greek, namely "sun" and "tatein", which means "to place". So the word syntax is etymologically that is putting together the words into groups of words or sentences. In other words, syntax is grammar that discusses the relationship between words in speech.
It's the same with morphology, but morphology concerns the grammatical structure in words. Language elements included in syntax are phrases, clauses, and sentences.
Speech in this case concerns whatever people say in the form of sentences. According to Ramlan (1981) Syntax is a part or branch of linguistics that talks about the intricacies of discourse, sentences, clauses, phrases.
Syntactic Structure
In general, the structure of this syntax consists of the composition of the subject (S), predicate (P), object (O), and information (K) relating to syntactic functions. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and also numerals related to syntactic categories. As for actors, sufferers, and recipients, it is related to the role of syntax.
The existence of the smallest syntactic structure is supported by several word orders, word forms, and intonation and can also be added by connectors which are usually called conjunctions. The role of the three syntactic tools is not the same between one language and another.
Syntax Tool
The syntax tool itself functions to support the existence of the smallest syntactic structure. Below are the syntax tools including the following:
Word Form
The degree of word form in Indonesian and Latin is not the same. In Latin, tenses play an absolute role. Whereas in Indonesian it is not. In Latin word order has almost no role. Meanwhile, in Indonesian it has an important role.
Example:
- Sister sweeps the floor
- Brother swept the floor
- Sister swept (by) the floor
Connector
Usually, the connector is in the form of a morpheme or a combination of morphemes which in terms of quantity constitute a closed class. Connectors function to connect one constituent with other constituents either inside or outside the sentence. There are 2 types of connectors including:
Coordinating Connector
Coordinating connectors are connectors that connect two constituents of the same position (equal). Examples include: and, or, but.
Subordinate Connector
Subordinative connector is a connector that connects two (2) constituents whose position is not equal. For example: if, although and because.
Intonation
The difference in Indonesian sentence mode is determined by the intonation rather than the segmental components. The boundary between subject and predicate in Indonesian is marked by intonation in the form of rising pitch and stress.
Example of sentences:
- "Cats eat dead mice."
- Cats/eating dead mice
- Cats eat mice? Dead
- Cats/eat//rats/die
Information:
- /: subject predicate limit
- //: clause limit
Word Order
The order of the words is the location of the words or the position of the words with one another in a syntactic construction. In Indonesian, word order is very important. Differences in word order can lead to differences in meaning. For example, the three-hour construction has a different meaning from the three-hour sequence.
However, there are other parts of the Indonesian sentence that cannot be moved without changing the grammatical meaning of the sentence.
Examples like:
- This morning my sister swept the yard
- My sister swept the yard this morning
- Object and Scope of Syntactic Study
The object of this syntax study is the internal structure of the sentence. In the studied syntax, the structure of phrases, clauses, and sentences. The phrase itself is the smallest object of syntax study and the sentence itself is the largest object of syntax study. In relation to phrases, the structure of the phrase is studied, the elements that form the phrase.
The relationship between the elements of the phrase, the process of forming the phrase and the types of phrases. Related to clauses examines the structure of clauses, the elements forming clauses, the relationships between clauses, the process of forming clauses and the types of clauses. Related to sentences examines sentence structure, sentence-forming elements, relationships between sentence elements and types of sentences.
The word as a syntactic unit
At the syntactic level, the word is the smallest unit, which hierarchically becomes a component forming a larger syntactic unit, namely a phrase. So here, the word is only discussed as the smallest unit in syntax, that is, in relation to the elements forming larger units, namely phrases, clauses, and sentences.
In talking about words, namely as fillers for syntactic units, we must first distinguish between two kinds of words, namely those called full words and function words. Full words are words that fall into the categories of nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and numerals. Meanwhile, what is included in this assignment are words that are categorized as prepositions and conjunctions.
Syntax Function
The function of syntax is the relationship between the elements of language seen from the point of view of their presentation in utterances or clauses. The types of syntactic functions that are commonly recognized are subject, predicate, object, complement, and adverb.
This syntactic function holds the most dominant role in dependency grammar theory which describes each of the elements of the sentence into specific syntactic functions.
Thus the explanation about Syntax: Definition, Structure, Objects and Their Functions. Hopefully it can be useful and increase your knowledge. Thank You.
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