11 Types of Soil and Explanations (Full Discussion)
11 Types of Soil and Explanations (Full Discussion) – The interaction between soil forming factors will produce soils with different properties. Based on the forming factors and soil properties, some experts classify soil with different classifications.
The category level that has been developed in land surveying and mapping in Indonesia is the great soil group level. Classification of soil types at this level is often used to classify soils in Indonesia.
11 Types of Soil and Explanations (Full Discussion)
Before entering into the types of soil, let's discuss what it means first.
Definition of Land
Soil is included in the part of the earth's crust which is composed of minerals and organic matter. Soil itself has a very vital role for all life on earth because it supports plant life in the presence of nutrients and water as well as supporting the roots of trees or plants. The shape of the soil itself has cavities and is a good location for roots to breathe and also for plants. Soil is also used as a place to live for various microorganisms. Most of the land animals, land is land that is used as a place to move and live.
The science that studies various aspects of soil is called soil science. In terms of climatology, soil plays an important role for storing water and suppressing erosion, although the soil itself can also erode.
The composition of the soil itself varies from one location to another. Water and air are part of the land.
Type of Land Type
The following are the types of soil and their explanations:
Organosol or Peat Soil
Peat soil comes from organic parent material from swamp forests, this soil has a characteristic color from brown to black, and has clay dust texture, and not structured, the consistency is not sticky to slightly sticky, and contains high levels of nutrients low. This soil is formed due to the process of decomposition by the remains of swamp plants. This type of soil is mostly found in the swamps of Sumatra, Kalimantan and Papua. This type of soil is not good for agriculture or plantations because of its high degree of acidity.
Alluvial Land
This soil type is still young, and has not experienced development. This soil comes from fine materials deposited by rivers. Therefore, this type of soil is often found in flat areas along rivers.
Regosol land
Regosol soil is a deposit of new volcanic ash that has coarse grains. The main distribution of this land is on the slopes of the volcano. Most of this land is located in the eastern and western parts of Sumatra, Java, Bali and in Nusa Tenggara.
Litosol soil
Litosol soil is a type of rocky soil that has a layer that is not too thick. This soil comes from a type of igneous rock and has never undergone a complete weathering process. Litosol soil is mostly found on mountain slopes and mountains throughout Indonesia.
Latosol land
Latosol soils are scattered in areas that have a wet climate, which has rainfall of more than 300 mm/year, and altitudes ranging from 300-1,000 meters. This soil is formed from volcanic rocks that have undergone advanced weathering processes.
Grumusol Land
This type of soil originates from limestone and clay rocks, spread over areas that have subhumid or subarid climates and has rainfall of less than 2,500 mm/year.
Podzolic Soil
This type of soil originates from quartz sandstone, podzolic stony, spreads over areas with a wet climate without dry months, and has a rainfall of more than 2,500 mm/year. This podzolic soil has a loam to sandy texture, low to moderate fertility, this type of soil has a red color and is dry.
Podsol soil
This type of soil originates from sandy parent rock. The distribution of this podsol soil is in areas with a wet climate, mountainous topography, for example in Central Kalimantan, North Sumatra and in West Papua. Low soil fertility.
Andosol land
Andosol type soil itself comes from volcanic ash parent material. The spread of this andosol soil is in areas with a temperate climate with rainfall above 2,500 mm/year without dry months. Usually this soil is often found on the upper slopes of volcanic cones with altitudes above 800 meters. The color of this type of soil is usually brown, gray to black.
Red and Yellow Mediterranean Land
The Red and Yellow Mediterranean soil originates from hard limestone (limestone). The distribution of the Red and Yellow Mediterranean soil is in areas with subhumid climates, karst topography and volcanic slopes that have elevations below 400 m. Soil color brown to red. Especially the red and yellow Mediterranean soil in the karst topography area is called "Terra Rossa".
Gray Hydromorph
The gray type itself is more influenced by the presence of local factors, namely the topography in the form of lowlands or basins, where this type of soil is almost always waterlogged and this soil has a gray color to yellowish.
Soil Function
The land itself has as a place to grow plants. Soil itself is able to provide water and various elements, both micro and macro. Soil is also able to provide oxygen (O2) for growth in plants. Soil supports the growth of plants. Roots must grow properly so they can absorb the various elements contained in the soil, and so they can properly support the plant.
Soil also has a role as a place for living organisms and microorganisms, including humans in it. Soil is also used as a place to live and various types of vegetation that live on it. Soil can be a buffer or buffer system. That is, if there are compounds that are toxic or contaminants in the soil, the soil will automatically filter and neutralize these materials and compounds.
The general function of land is:
- Place for growth and development of plant roots
- Providing the primary needs of plants such as water, air, and nutrients
- Providing the secondary needs of plants, namely as growth-promoting substances: hormones, vitamins, and organic acids; antibiotics as well as anti-pest toxins; enzymes that can increase nutrient availability
- As a habitat for soil biota
- the location of various infrastructure developments, for example: houses, supermarkets, offices, roads, stations, terminals, and airports.
- As a place to stand upright and lean on a plant.
- The next function is to provide and store water for a plant.
Thus our explanation this time about 11 Types of Soil and Explanations (Full Discussion), hopefully can increase your knowledge. Thank You.
source by: Geography of SMA class X Aspiration
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