Central Nervous System in Humans and Their Functions (Complete)
Central Nervous System in Humans and Their Functions (Complete) - The human nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. The brain and spinal cord form the central nervous system, while the nerves leading to all parts of the body are called the peripheral nervous system.
Central Nervous System in Humans and Their Functions (Complete)
In this discussion, aroundknowledge.com will discuss about the central nervous system and its functions. Here's the discussion.
Central Nervous System
The central nervous system regulates all body activities. The brain and spinal cord are the center of the entire human nervous system.
1. Brain
The brain is the most important nerve center which is located in the cavity of the skull. The brain consists of three parts namely: cerebrum, cerebellum and advanced marrow (medulla oblongata).
2. Big brain (cerebrum)
It is the main nerve center and the largest part of the brain. The volume is around 1500 cubic cm in adults. The cerebrum consists of two hemispheres, namely the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. The left hemisphere controls the activities of the left side of the body, while the right hemisphere controls the activities of the right side of the body.
The cerebrum functions as the control center for all conscious activities such as thinking, seeing, moving, hearing, speaking and so on.
The cerebrum is composed of two layers, namely the outer layer (cortex) and the inner layer. The outer layer is a thin gray layer and contains many nerve cell bodies (neurons). While the inner layer is a white layer and there are many nerve fibers, namely neurites and dendrites.
3. Small brain (cerebellum)
It is the center for regulating balance and coordinating the muscles when we are going to make movements. The cerebellum consists of two hemispheres, namely the left and right hemispheres, both of which are connected by the varol bridge. The outside is gray and the inside is white.
4. Advanced marrow (medulla oblongata)
Also known as the connecting cord because it connects the cerebellum with the spinal cord. The advanced marrow is located in front of the small brain and at the bottom of the large brain.
The arrangement of this advanced marrow is the opposite of the arrangement of the cerebrum and cerebellum. That is, on the outside it is white containing neurites and dendrites, while the inside is gray containing nerve cell bodies (neurons).
The function of this advanced marrow is to regulate heart rate, respiratory rate, and unconscious body activities.
5. Spinal Cord
Located lengthwise in the spinal cavity, starting from the second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord is the same as the advanced spinal cord. On the inside there is a wing-shaped part towards the front which is called the ventral root, while the one towards the back is called the dorsal root.
In the spinal cord there are intermediate (connecting) nerve cells that connect sensory nerve cells and motor nerve cells.
The function of the spinal cord is to carry impulses from the brain and to the brain as well as a center for controlling reflexes.
Thus our explanation this time about Central Nervous System in Humans and Their Functions (Complete), hopefully it can provide benefits for all of us. Thank you very much 🙂
Also read:
- Spinal Cord: Definition, Structure, Function & Location
- Spinal Cord: Definition, Location, Function and Structure
- Right Brain: Definition, Function, Structure and How It Works
- Definition of Nerve Cells, Structure, Characteristics & Functions (Complete)
- Left Brain: Definition, Function, Structure and How It Works
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