√ Definition of Lithosphere, Types, Materials and Benefits

September 02, 2023
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Definition of Lithosphere, Types, Materials and Benefits - In the discussion this time About Knowledge will discuss Geography precisely is the lithosphere. Maybe some of us have often heard it, but it's better if we listen to it clearly.

Definition of Lithosphere, Types, Materials and Benefits

Before going any further, let's discuss what the lithosphere is in detail.

Meaning of Lithosphere

The word lithosphere comes from lithos And sphere. Lithos means rock and spherea means layer. Etymologically, lithosphere means the coating of rock. While the actual meaning intended in this discussion, the lithosphere is layers of rock that make up the earth's crust. The lithosphere is the "outermost layer of the earth". The lithosphere is very rich Si O₂often called layers silicate.

The lithosphere consists of two parts. The first part is called continental crust or continental plates composed of granite rocks at the top and basalt igneous rocks at the bottom.

While the second part is called oceanic crust

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or the oceanic plate which is composed of marine deposits at the top, then below there are volcanic rocks, and at the bottom are gabbro rocks and peridotite.

Types of Earth's Skin Layer (Lithosphere)

There are 2 parts of the earth's crust or lithosphere, let's see.

Damn layer

The Sial layer is a "lithosphere layer composed of silicon and aluminum metals". The two compounds are S_iO₃And AI₂O₃. The rocks contained in the unlucky layer include sedimentary, granite, andesite and metamorphic rocks.

This layer is also called the crust layer which is dense and stiff. The crust is divided into two, namely:

Continental Crust Is a solid object consisting of granite rock on the top layer and basalt rock on the bottom. This crust is what we know as the continents.
Oceanic Crust Is a solid object consisting of sediments in the upper part of the sea while below it there are volcanic rocks and below it are composed of peridotive igneous and gabbro igneous rocks. This crust we know as the oceanic part.

Sim layer

The Sima layer is The layer of the lithosphere is composed of the metals silicon and magnesium. These two metal compounds are S_iO₃ And MgO. This layer has a greater weight than the unlucky layer because it contains ferromagnesium minerals and basalt rocks. The Sima layer is an elastic material and has an average thickness of 1000 km.

Rocks or Materials Forming the Lithosphere

It should be noted that the lithosphere is composed of 3 types of rock or magma-based materials with different formation processes. Let's look at the explanation.

Igneous Rock

The first material is igneous rock, this material is formed from solidified incandescent magma. It is estimated that more than 75% of the rock material that makes up this lithosphere is igneous rock. There are 3 kinds of formation of igneous rocks based on the place of formation, let's pay attention.

Deep Igneous or Plutonic/Abyssic Rocks

This deep igneous rock occurs from magma that continuously freezes slowly while it is still deep in the earth's crust. Some examples of these deep igneous rocks are granite, gabbro and diotite.

Gang or Korok Igneous Rocks

For this type, it is the same, namely magma freezing, but the occurrence is between the magma chamber and the earth's surface. When there is magma that seeps between the layers of the earth's crust and undergoes a faster freezing process, therefore the mineral crystals that form are small in size.

Outer Igneous Rocks

From the name alone, we already know that this magma freezing process occurs outside the earth's surface, of course this is magma that comes out of volcanic eruptions. Some examples are basalt, andesite, diorite, pumice etc.

Sedimentary Rock or Sedimentary Rock

In contrast to igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks are formed from weathering of the surface. When the part that is detached from the results of weathering and carried away by the flow of water or maybe the wind then settles and hardens, that is what is called sedimentary rock.

Sedimentary rock itself seen from the process of its formation there are 3 kinds, namely:

Classic Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
Organic Sedimentary Rocks

When viewed from the transport power sedimentary rock consists of:

Aeris or Aeolis Sedimentary Rocks
Glacial Sedimentary Rock
Aquatic Sedimentary Rocks
Marine Sedimentary Rocks
Malihan Rock (Metamorphic)

The Benefits of the Lithosphere for Human Life

Let's take a deeper look at the lithosphere, there are lots of benefits that we can derive from this natural event. The lithosphere is very influential on the continuity of our life, not only humans, even animals and plants live from this event.

How come? Humans carry out all their activities above the lithosphere, not only that at the bottom there earth's mineral materials that we can use for our needs such as oil, gas, coal, nickel etc.

In addition to the benefits described above, the lithosphere also affects the shape of the earth which can have an impact on living things around it. There are several forms of earth that occur as a result of this event, see the explanation.

1. Beach

The beach is one of many which is the effect of the lithosphere. The beach is a place where humans and other living things can live their lives. From the beach, humans can use the sea to find fish, use the shoreline as a place to live, and so on.

2. Lowland

The lowlands are plains that are very suitable for habitation. In this lowland we can do many activities because it is very suitable for transportation, farming, trade or promising industries. In this lowland we can use it for various farming activities such as planting rice, corn, cassava etc.

Definition of Lithosphere According to Geography Experts

3. Plateau

For the highlands themselves, they are usually at an altitude above 700m above sea level. We can use the highlands to grow coffee, rubber and some vegetables that are suitable for cold temperatures.

4. Mountain Area

For this area, it can be said that it is rather difficult to carry out productive activities. Apart from the cold temperatures, communication and transportation tools in the highlands are hard to come by.

Thus our explanation this time about Definition of Lithosphere, Types, Materials and Benefits. Hopefully it can be useful for readers, also read other articles, thank you.

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