Figures of Muslim Scientists During the Umayyad Dynasty
Figures of Muslim Scientists During the Umayyad Dynasty – During the Umayyad Dynasty holding the reins of power in the Islamic world, they not only made achievements in conquering and expanding territory, but also among the caliphs who led this dynasty there were also those who were interested in the development of science knowledge.
Because of his interest in the development of science led to the splendor of activities in the scientific field. So that scientists appear who produce work in accordance with the knowledge they practice which is very beneficial for human civilization.
These scientists occupy a very important role in supporting the progress of Islamic civilization. Scientists receive protection and facilities from the state to develop their knowledge.
Even if they are not Muslim. Among them there are those who serve as the highest office in the Caliph's Palace. There are also those who become private doctors, viziers or treasurers and so on.
Figures of Muslim Scientists During the Umayyad Dynasty
Among the figures of Muslim scientists during the Umayyad dynasty are as follows:
In the Field of Fiqh
The following are figures in the field of fiqh.
1. Imam Hanafi
The founder of the Hanafi school of thought was given the title "Imam Ahlur Ra'yi"Because he uses reasoned arguments more than scholars, but he still refers to sources of Islamic law, such as the Qur'an and Hadith, fatwas of friends, ijma', qiyas, istihsan and urf. The books he wrote include:
- Al-Faraid ⇒ That is a special book that talks about inheritance and all forms of its provisions according to Islamic law.
- Ash-Shurut ⇒ A book that discusses the agreement in a contract or transaction
- Al-Fiqhul Akbar ⇒ A book that discusses theology and monotheism.
2. Imam Malik
Namely a great mujtahid and expert in the fields of fiqh and hadith as well as the founder of the Maliki school of thought.
Imam Malik used sources from the Al-Qur'an, Hadith, atsar, traditions of the Medina community, qiyas, and al-maslahah al-mursalah in establishing law. His most famous work is "Al-Muwatta"That is a book that covers everything in matters of fiqh.
In the Field of Taswuf
The following are figures in the field of Sufism.
1. Hasan al-Basri
He is a Sufi expert. In 37 AH, after the Siffin war, he moved to Basrah and it was there that he began his career as a very influential scholar and zahid.
The essence of his teachings is al-Khauf wal Raja' namely fear of the punishment of Allah SWT. and hope for the promises and rewards of goodness from Allah SWT. With this concept, humans can avoid immoral acts and always have faith and piety to Allah SWT.
2. Rabi'ah al-Adawiyah
She is a famous Sufi woman throughout history. The concept of his thought is very famous and becomes a very monumental breakthrough of Sufism. The Sufi concept that he applies is the mahabbah concept, which is about love for Allah SWT.
He taught that there is nothing worthy of love except Allah SWT. solely and worship performed by a servant must be based on love for Him so that worship is accompanied by a sense of joy and sincerity.
In the Field of Hadith Science
The following are figures in the field of hadith.
1. Abu Huraira
He is very famous and most widely in narrating the hadiths of the apostles. According to Imam Bukhari, no less than 800 hadiths were memorized by Abu Hurairah.
From Abu Hurairah there were many hadiths received by the tabi'in and scholars at that time to be studied and used as a legal basis. The tabi'in who also played a role in the development of the science of hadith during the Umayyad era are as follows:
- Omar bin Abdul Aziz, a caliph and great scholar who initiated the codification of hadith while serving as caliph.
- Ikrimah, a great scholar from Mecca.
- Abu Qatadah and Muhamad Sirin, a scholar from Basrah.
- Asy-Sya'ibi And an-Nakhari, from Kufa.
- Abu Khair Marsad And Yazid bin Habib, hadith scholar from Egypt.
- Thawus bin Kaisan al-Yamani And Ibn Munabbin, from Yemen.
In the Field of Interpretation
The following are figures in the field of interpretation.
The science of interpretation is the science that examines the meaning and purpose contained in the Qur'an according to the ability of the human mind. Among those who contributed to the birth and development of the science of interpretation are as follows:
- Abdullah bin Abbas from Medina
- Abdullah bin Mas'ud from Mecca
- Sa'ad bin Jabir
- Al-Asmi and his student Mujahid Ibn Abbas.
Those are some Muslim scientists who played an important role in Islamic civilization during the Umayyad dynasty.
Hopefully the discussion regarding Figures of Muslim Scientists During the Umayyad Dynasty This can add new knowledge and be useful for those of us who read it. That is all and thank you.
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