√ Definition of Marine Biota, Types, Benefits and Properties (Discuss in full)
Definition of Marine Biota, Types, Benefits and Properties (Discuss in full) – In this discussion we will explain about marine biota. An explanation that includes the meaning of marine biota, types of marine biota, their benefits and the characteristics of marine biota which will be discussed in full and easy to understand.
Definition of Marine Biota, Types, Benefits and Properties (Discuss in full)
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Definition of Marine Biota
Wikipedia
According to Wikipedia, Marine biota are all living things in the sea, both animals and plants or coral. So marine biota is anything that is in the ocean, whether animals, plants or corals.
Types of Marine Biota
Marine biota can be classified into three types, based on the following characteristics:
Planktonic
Planktonic is a type of marine biota that swims and floats with the current, this marine biota cannot swim against the current because of its limitations. This planktonic type is divided into 2, namely groups of animals (zooplankton) and plants (phytoplankton).
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Zooplankton
Zooplankton is a type of organism that lives mostly in surface waters with a body size of more than 0.05 mm. Zooplankton includes organisms including small protozoa and large metazoans.
Zooplankton species are not spread evenly but randomly within a sea area. The food source of zooplankton is phytoplankton -
Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton are microscopic organisms that live in the euphotic zone (dim surface) of the sea synthesizes its own food, namely in the form of organic matter which processes from inorganic materials with assistance sunlight.
Benthic
Benthic are marine biota that live in the bottom area or are generally creeping which can consist of animals and plants.
- Stick: sponge, barnacle, oyster, and others
- Crawling: crabs, small crayfish and others
- Meliang: worms, shells and others
The main sources of food for benthic organisms are algae and organic runoff from the soil. Factors of temperature, salinity, water depth, and the type of local substrate greatly affect the development of benthic organisms.
Several types of organisms belonging to the benthic are protozoa, sponge, coelenterate, rotifera, nematodes, bryozoans, decapoda, ostracoda, cladocera, cpopoda, pelecypoda, gastropods, insects and leeches. Other shaped organisms include starfish, oysters, clams, sea cucumbers, brittle stars and sea anemones.
The roles of benthic organisms are as follows:
- Can help the process of recycling organic materials
- Has an important role in the cycle of the food chain
- Can help the process of mineralization
- Because they have a long life cycle and limited movement, benthic organisms can be used as indicators of pollution
Nektonic
Nektonic is a type of organism that becomes an active swimmer in water areas, be it fresh water or sea water. Nekton are known as top predators in most marine food chains. Fish are the largest nekton species with 16,000 species.
Nekton are plankton predators that have various benefits for human life, such as improving nutrition and improving the economy. Nekton has characteristics, namely:
- Can move or swim alone without relying on the help of water currents. And also active in swimming
- It is a consumer of the pelagic zone
- Consists of invertebrate and vertebrate animals
- Their life span is longer than that of plankton
- Perform migration related to the process of reproduction
Classification of nekton based on fish groups can be divided into 2 types
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Mereopylagic
Is a group of fish that spend part of their life in the marine epipelagic region, which is an area or sea zone that has a depth of 0 to 200 meters or about 656 feet. -
Holoepipelagic
Is a group of aquatic organisms that all the time of their lives live in the epipelagic zone. Some of the species included in this group are sharks, hammerheads, mackerel sharks, fish blue sharks, tuna, flying fish, sawfish, setuthuk, lemuru, mermaids, and others.
Nekton classification based on its class, namely:
- Vertebrates: Nekto group consisting of animals with backbones such as reptiles, mammals, and various types of fish
- Mollusca: Nekton group consisting of invertebrate animals that have soft bodies such as clams, squid, and octopuses
- Crustacea: A group of arthropods that have hard shells (shells) such as shrimp, crabs, lobsters, and others.
Benefits of Marine Biota
For humans, the benefits of marine biota are:
- Food Sources (shrimp, fish, shellfish, crab, squid)
- Drugs
- Income
- tourist attractions (snorkeling, diving)
- Improve nutrition (fish and seaweed)
- Useful for ecology and economy
Thus has been explained about Definition of Marine Biota, Types, Benefits and Properties (Discuss in full), hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting
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