√ 11 Definitions of Political Culture According to Experts, Types, Characteristics, Components, Types and Examples
11 Definition of Political Culture According to Experts, Types, Characteristics, Components, Types and Examples – In this discussion we will explain about political culture. The discussion includes the understanding of political culture, types, characteristics, components, types and examples of political culture which will be discussed in full and easy to understand.
11 Definition of Political Culture According to Experts, Types, Characteristics, Components, Types and Examples
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Definition of Political Culture According to Experts
The following is a definition of political culture according to experts.
1. Moctar Massoed and Collin Mac Andrews
The definition of political culture according to Moctar Massoed and Collin Mac Andrews is the attitude and orientation of citizens of a country towards the life of the country's government and politics.
2. Miriam Budiarjo
The definition of political culture according to Miriam Budiardjo is the whole of political views such as norms, patterns of orientation towards politics and views of life in general.
3. Austin Ranney
The definition of political culture according to Austin Ranney is a set of views on politics and government held jointly, a pattern of orientation towards political objects.
4. Rusadi Kantaprawita
The definition of political culture according to Rusadi Kantaprawita is human perception, patterns of attitudes towards various political issues and political events were carried over into the formation of the structure and process of the political activities of society and government.
5. Rusadi Suntakpura
The definition of political culture according to Rusadi Su Mintapura is the pattern of individual behavior and its orientation towards political life which is internalized by the members of a political system.
6. Samuel Beer
The definition of political culture according to Samuel Beer is the values, beliefs and attitudes about how government should be implemented and what should be implemented by the government.
7. Sydney Verba
The definition of political culture according to Sidney Verba is an empirical belief system, expressive symbols and values that define a situation where political action is carried out.
8. Alan R. Ball
The definition of political culture according to Alan R. Ball is an arrangement consisting of the attitudes, beliefs, emotions and values of society related to the political system and political issues
9. Gabriel A. Almonds and G. Bingham Powell. Jr
The definition of political culture according to Gabriel A. Almonds and G. Bingham Powell. Jr. are attitudes, beliefs, values and skills that apply to the entire population, as well as special tendencies and patterns that exist in certain parts of the population.
10. Larry Diamond
The definition of political culture according to Larry Diamond is a concept consisting of attitudes, beliefs, values, and skills that are being applies to all members of society, including patterns of special tendencies and patterns of habits found in groups within public.
11. Wikipedia
The definition of political culture according to Wikipedia is a society in the life of the state, administration state administration, government politics, law, customary norms that are lived by all members of every community day.
Types of Political Culture
In general, political culture can be divided into three types, namely:
- Political culture of apathy (indifferent, indifferent, and passive)
- Political culture of mobilization (encouraged or deliberately mobilized)
- Participatory (active) political culture
Characteristics of Political Culture
- There is regulated power
- There are political parties
- There is social turmoil against the ruling authorities/governing powers
- The existence of a political culture to the problem of legitimacy
- Government policy-making process
- The behavior of state officials
Components of Political Culture
The components of political culture are divided into three, namely:
-
Cognitive Orientation
Cognitive orientation is an orientation that concerns individual understanding and belief in the political system and its attributes. Like the state symbol, the state capital and others. -
Affective Orientation
Affective orientation is an orientation that concerns individual emotions in the current political culture in government -
Evaluative Orientation
Evaluative orientation is an orientation that concerns a person's capacity in order to provide an assessment of the ongoing political system and how individual wars are in it. What influences is education, condition, background, understanding and others.
Types of Political Culture
Political culture has three types or kinds which can be described as follows:
Parochial Political Culture
Parochial political culture is a political culture with a very low level of political participation. In general, this type of political culture exists in traditional societies and is more simple.
The characteristics of parochial political culture are:
- Small and narrow scope
- Apathetic
- Low political knowledge
- Indifference and withdrawal from political life
- Society has no interest in political objects that are so broad
- There is no special political role
- Low public awareness of authority and power
Subject Political Culture
The political culture of the subject or also known as the political culture of the subject is a political culture in which the people are relatively advanced both socially and economically, but are still relatively passive. People who know this political culture passively obey government officials and laws, but do not get involved in politics or vote in elections.
The characteristics of the subject's political culture are:
- The community is fully aware of the government's orientation
- The community accepts what comes from the government, but gives little input and demands to the government.
- Accept decisions that are considered as decisions that cannot be corrected or challenged.
- The attitude of society as a passive political actor
- Citizens put conditions, interests, and attention on the general political system and specifically on output objects, while their awareness of inputs and awareness as political actors is still low.
Participant Political Culture
Participant political culture is a political culture characterized by a high political awareness or can be called a culture whose members tend to be oriented explicitly towards an overall system and political and social structures and processes administrative.
The characteristics of participant political culture are:
- Communities are aware of their rights and responsibilities, and exercise their rights and assume their responsibilities.
- It is not easy to immediately accept the situation, submit to the situation, be disciplined but evaluate all political objects with full awareness.
- Political life as a means of transaction.
- Be aware as an active citizen and act as an activist.
Examples of Political Culture
In the community environment, family environment or school environment can carry out political culture. The following are some examples of political culture in the family, community and school environment
- Participate in elections for those aged 17 years and over in an orderly and healthy manner.
- Take part in the election of the chairman of the osis
- Channeling opinions and thoughts in forums or deliberations
- Participate in youth organizations or school organizations
- Listen to parental advice
- Consult with the family to make a decision
Thus has been explained 11 Definition of Political Culture According to Experts, Types, Characteristics, Components, Types and Examples. Hopefully it can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting
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