Capacitor Functions and Types (Complete)
Capacitor Functions and Types (Complete) – If you are a student majoring in electronics or studying electronics, you must be familiar with this object, what is it? Yes, that thing is a capacitor. What is a capacitor? Here About Knowledge will discuss it complete with its functions and types.
Capacitor Functions and Types (Complete)
Let's discuss the function of the capacitor first carefully.
Capacitor Function
In electronic circuits, capacitors have a role in almost every component. In the electric charge there is a storage capacity of the so-called capacitor farad which is symbolized by the letter "F" and for the capacitor symbol itself is "C".
Usually capacitors are made with two metal plates parallel to each other. Between the two plates there is an insulating material which we usually call a dielectric. What is a dielectric? Dielectric is a material that can affect a value of the capacitance of a capacitor. Usually the dielectric uses paper, glass, ceramics and others.
There is another name for the capacitor viz
condenser, but what is often used is the capacitor. Capacitors have various sizes and shapes. We can distinguish it from its capacitance, working voltage and others. It should also be noted that there are 2 types of capacitors, namely capacitors that have a stable or fixed capacity and capacitors that have unstable or changing capacities which are commonly called variables capacitor.Still on a capacitor, there is a fundamental characteristic of this small object, which is that it can accommodate or store electric charge but cannot pass current Direct Current (DC), can pass current Alternating Current (AC) and can be an impedance (resistance whose value depends on the frequency supplied by the source).
The way the capacitor works is to flow electrons into the capacitor, then the capacitor is full electrons, will experience a change in voltage, then the electrons will come out of the capacitor towards the circuit electronics. Therefore the capacitor can generate reactivity in a circuit.
The following is a brief function of the capacitor in electronic circuits, including:
- As a current or voltage storage
- As a conductor that can pass AC current (Alternating Current)
- As an isolator that inhibits DC currents (Direct Current)
- As a Filter in the Power Supply Circuit (Power Supply)
- as a clutch
- As a Frequency Generator in an Oscillator Circuit
- As a Phase Shifter
- As a Frequency Selector (Variable Capacitor combined with Spool Antenna and Oscillator)
Types of Capacitors
As said above that capacitors are divided into two types, namely capacitors whose value is fixed and capacitors whose value can change or be variable. The following is a brief explanation of each of the two types of capacitors.
Fixed Value Capacitors
What is meant by a fixed value capacitor is a capacitor that has a stable or constant value, which means it does not change in value. The types of capacitors whose value is fixed include:
1. Ceramic Capacitor (Ceramic Capacitor)
This capacitor has an insulator made of ceramic which is round and thin. This capacitor has no direction, therefore the installation in electronic circuits can be reversed, generally the value of this capacitor ranges from 1pf to 0.01µF.
There is another capacitor made of ceramic material, but the packaging is very small, deliberately made for equipment needs electronics that are designed to be smaller and can be mounted by Surface Mount Technology (SMT) which is very high speed.
2. Polyester Capacitor (Polyester Capacitor)
This capacitor insulator is made of Polyester which is rectangular in shape. This capacitor can be installed back and forth because it has no polarity.
3. Paper Capacitor (Paper Capacitor)
This capacitor insulator is made of paper, generally the value of this capacitor is in the range of 300pf to 4µF. Same with Polyester Capacitors, paper capacitors do not have directional polarity so they can be installed back and forth in electronic circuits.
4. Mica Capacitor (Mica Capacitor)
This capacitor insulator is made of mica, the value of this capacitor is usually in the range of 50pF to 0.02µF. Still the same as Polyester Capacitors and Paper Capacitors, these mica capacitors can also be installed back and forth because they have no polarity.
5. Electrolytic Capacitor (Electrolyte Capacitor)
This capacitor insulator material is made of electrolyte in the shape of a tube. Electrolytic Capacitors or often called ELCO are usually used in electronic circuits that require high capacitance. Usually the value of this capacitor ranges from 0.47µF to thousands of µF.
6. Tantalum Capacitor
Actually, the difference between this capacitor and the others is not too much, it's just that this capacitor uses Tantalum metal as the anode terminal. This capacitor is able to work at high temperatures beyond other electrolytic capacitors and has a large capacitance but can be packed with a small size. Therefore this type of capacitor is more expensive, usually these capacitors are used in equipment small-sized electronics such as computer components, cellphones and other electronic goods that are small size.
Variable Capacitor
For this type of capacitor, why is it said to be variable? Because we can adjust the capacitance value of this capacitor or we can change it. In the physical form of this capacitor consists of two types, namely:
1. Varco (Variable Condenser)
Varco is a capacitor made of large metal coins and is usually used to select frequency waves in radio circuits. The capacitance value itself ranges from 100pF to 500pF.
2. Trimmers
This variable capacitor has a smaller size, therefore a tool such as a screwdriver or the like is needed to rotate the regulator. The trimmer consists of 2 metal plates separated by a Mica sheet and there is a screw to adjust the distance between the two metal plates inside. The maximum capacitance value of this capacitor is only 100pF.
Maybe until here we just discuss about Capacitor Functions and Types (Complete), sorry if there are wrong words or writing and hopefully it can be useful. Thank You.
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