Volcanism: Understanding in Geography
Volcanism: Understanding in Geography – In this discussion, we will discuss volcanism. Maybe we have often heard this word, but do you understand what volcanism is?
Volcanism: Understanding in Geography
Let's discuss the meaning of volcanism first carefully.
Definition of Volcanism
Volcanism ie events related to the rise of magma from the bowels of the earth. Magma is a mixture of rocks in a molten state and very hot in the bowels of the earth.
Magma activity is caused by the high temperature of the magma and the amount of gas it contains so that cracks and shifts in the earth's crust can occur. Magma can be in the form of solid gas and liquid. The process of volcanism is influenced by magma activity that infiltrates the lithosphere (earth's crust).
If the magma infiltration is only limited to the inner crust of the earth, it is called Magma Intrusion. while the infiltration of magma to the surface of the earth is called Magma Extrusion.
Magma Intrusion
Magma Intrusion is the event of infiltration of magma between layers of rock, but does not reach the earth's surface. Magma intrusion can be divided into four, namely:
- Flat Intrusion (sill or intrusion plate), namely magma that infiltrates between two layers of rock, horizontally and parallel to the layers of rock.
- Lakolit, namely magma that breaks through between the top layers of the earth. It looks like a convex lens or a muffin.
- Alley (corok), which is rock resulting from magma intrusion that infiltrates and freezes between folds (coroks).
- Diatherma is a hole (pipe) between the magma chamber and the volcanic crater, shaped like an elongated cylinder.
Magma Extrusion
Magma Extrusion is the event of infiltration of magma to come out of the earth's surface and form a volcano. This happens when the gas pressure is strong enough and there are cracks in the earth's crust. Magma extrusion can be divided into three, namely:
- Linear Eruption, namely magma comes out through cracks in the earth's crust, in the form of a volcanic cone.
- Central Eruption, namely magma that comes out through a hole in the earth's surface and forms a mountain that is located separately.
- Areal Eruption, namely magma that melts on the surface of the earth because the location of the magma is very close to the surface of the earth, so that a very large volcanic crater is formed.
That's a little about the explanation above Volcanism: Understanding in Geography. See also other explanations in the next article, I hope this is useful for all readers. Thank You.
source by: Geography of SMA class X Aspiration
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