√ Definition of Echinodermata, Characteristics, Structure and Classification
Definition of Echinodermata, Characteristics, Structure and Classification - On this occasion About Knowledge will discuss about Echinodermata. Which in this discussion explains the meaning of Echinodermata, characteristics, organ systems, structure, reproduction, classification and benefits. For more details, see the following article.
Definition of Echinodermata, Characteristics, Structure and Classification
Adult echinoderms have bodies with radial symmetry, that is, the same body parts are distributed in a circular arrangement around a central axis.
As for the larvae, they have a bilateral symmetry body, that is, one part of the body is side by side with the other part of the body the other, and if you draw a line from front to back you will find the same body parts between the left and right.
Definition of Echinoderms
Echinodermata is taken from the Greek, namely "echi" which means thorny, and "donation" which means skin. Echinodermata is a division of marine animals. This animal family lives in the sea or brackish water.
Generally, these echinoderms move slowly and nothing that lives is parasitic. Some of the types of living species attached (sessile).
Echinodermata characteristics
- The body of echinoderms consists of 3 layers and has a body cavity or also known as triploblastic
- Moves with ambulacral, which is a tube foot with small holes that have a function for sucking
- It has a body shape that is bilaterally symmetrical when it is still a larva, whereas when it is an adult its body shape is radially symmetrical
- Has a perfect digestive system except starfish due to not having an anus
- The skin of the body is composed of chitin
- Reproduce sexually
- Does not have an excretory system
- The surface of the body consists of protrusions that resemble thorns
- Has a hydraulic network tube system
Echinodermata Organ System
There are several organ systems in echinoderms, including:
Bloodstream system
Echinoderms are still unclear, it can be described simply, that is, the blood vessels start from those that surround the mouth, then branch off at each tube foot.
Respiratory system
Done using gills or also pupula (protrusions in the body cavity).
Nervous system
Has nerves with a shape like a ring or also circular which is located in the mouth. As for the arms and legs of the tube, there are radial nerves that are shaped like ropes.
Digestive system
The digestive system consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines and anus. It can be said, the digestive system was already perfect. However, there is no excretory system in Echinoderms.
Echinodermata Body Structure
- The body size varies from 1 to 36 cm in diameter
- Its body is arranged in an oral-aboral axis and has no head
- Bilateral symmetrical form after undergoing adult metamorphosis with a radial symmetrical body shape with five directions
- The mouth is located below and the anus is located above (coelomate tripblastic)
- Having an ambuccal system, movement occurs by changing the water pressure which is regulated by a system of water vessels that develops from the coelom
- Hard skin is caused because it is made of lime
- Has a perfect digestive system
Reproduction of Echinoderms
The reproduction of these echinoderms is diverse and often complex. Most echinoderms reproduce sexually. While some species are known to reproduce asexually or by budding.
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction usually involves dividing the body into two (2) or more parts (fragmentation) as well as regenerating lost body parts.
Fragmentation is a common method of reproduction used by several species of asteroids, Ophiuroidea, and sea cucumbers. In some species, sexual reproduction is not known to occur.
Sexual reproduction
Eggs (up to several million) from females as well as spermatozoa from males are in the lower waters (spawning), where the eggs are fertilized. Most of these echinoderms lay eggs on an annual cycle, with a spawning period usually lasting 1 (one) or 2 (two) months during spring or summer. Some species, however, are capable of spawning year-round.
Echinodermata Way of Life
Echinodermata are animals that live freely, in the sense that their habitat can be anywhere, from the sea coast to the deepest sea. Food depends on the type, examples of food such as plankton, or also dead/decaying organisms.
Classification of Echinoderms
The differences in this echinoderm class can be grouped into five, namely Asteroidea, Echnoidea, Ophiuroidea, Holothuroidea and Crinoidea.
The following is an explanation and the differences, among others:
Asteroidea
Asteroidea is a star-shaped animal commonly referred to as a starfish. This asteroid is usually found in coastal seas. Asteroidea itself is a class of echinoderm phylum that has the most species, which is around 1,600 species.
Archoidea has an oral body part (body part with mouth) and aboral part (body part with anus).
This class of asteroidea has an ambulacral system consisting of water vessels (hydraulic network) which will form the legs/arms.
The legs/arms have a function, namely as a means of locomotion, to be able to stick, and to find food. This asteroidea also has a ring channel which is located in the center of the body, and also a radial channel which is a branch of the ring channel in the arms.
Echinoidea
Sea urchins or also sea urchins are one type of class Echinoidea. The main body shape is rather round and has no arms, but there are lots of spines.
Some have short thorns, some have long thorns. The spines of Echinoidea are formed by the presence of lime.
Echinoidea's body has muscles that have the function of turning the spines so they can make them move. The mouth of this animal also has a jaw-like structure that helps it eat prey.
Ophiuroidea
Ophiuroidea is a class that resembles sea stars in shape, but has longer, thinner arms and a more pronounced central disk.
When its legs are moved, its movement resembles that of a snake. No wonder the ophiuroidea class is also called a brittle star.
This class of tube feet also has no suction cups and moves by whipping its legs, so the legs are prone to breaking.
These legs/arms have a function, namely to catch prey which will later be put into the mouth. Some of the types of this class are worm eaters, molluscs, suspensions or also carrion. This animal also has no anus and usually lives between rocks.
Holothuroidea
Holothuroidea belongs to the phylum Echinodermata class which has a round body extending from the oral surface to the aboral surface.
Its body looks like the shape of a cucumber so it is often called a sea cucumber. However, the consistency of the body is slightly different from other classes, the shape of this animal's body is soft and smooth.
This class has multiple body parts and also has an ambulacral system. Sea cucumbers also have tentacles on the oral part which total 10-30 pieces.
Crinoidea
Crinoidea has a body that resembles a flower or a plant. This Crinoidea belongs to the echinoderm phylum which has the fewest species (namely only about 550 species) and is the most primitive group.
These animals live on the beach to a depth of 3,500 meters below sea level. His body does not have thorns, but there are also those that are stalked and stemless.
If it has a stalk, it is called a sea lily, while those without a stalk are called a hairy starfish.
The Role of Echinoderms
Echinoderms have many benefits, especially for humans. However, on the other hand this can also be detrimental. For more, see the following explanation:
Benefit
- The gonads of sea urchins can be harvested for consumption.
- Holothuria (sea cucumber) is traded as dried sea cucumbers or sea cucumber crackers.
- These echinoderms feed on carrion, so they are important for cleaning up the environment.
Loss
- This Achanbasther is a pest on coral reefs, caused by eating Coelenterata polyps.
- This starfish also often eats pearl shells.
Thus the explanation about Definition of Echinodermata, Characteristics, Structure and Classification. Hopefully it can be useful and add to your insight. Thank You.
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