√ Definition of Carving, Types, Techniques and Motives (Complete)

Definition of Carving, Types, Techniques and Motives (Complete) – On this occasion, we will discuss the Art of Sculpture. In this discussion, we explain the meaning of carving, types of carving, techniques of carving, and motifs of carving, briefly and clearly. For more details, let's see the review About Knowledge the following.

Definition of Carving, Types, Techniques and Motives (Complete)

Carving is an activity of processing the surface of a tridimensional (three dimensional) object by making a difference in height from the surface. So as to produce a work of art that has an uneven surface shape.

The motifs of archipelago carving are a type of fine art whose works are admired and liked both in Indonesia and abroad. The results of carving art are known as carvings. Carving has the meaning of an image or pattern that is realized or embodied in media such as stone, rich and other media as long as it can be engraved.

Definition of Sculpture

Carving is the activity of scratching, chiseling and incising patterns on the surface of the object being engraved. Usually the activity of carving or sculpting in order to obtain the desired shape. By reducing and removing parts that are not needed. To form an ornament according to the artist's idea so as to give rise to an artistic form.

In Indonesia itself, carving works have been known since the young stone age. At that time there were a lot of tools made of stone such as household utensils and objects made of pottery and wood.

These objects are carved with geometric patterns, such as blocks/squares, circles, lines, ziq zaq and triangles. In general, these carvings are not only decorative but also contain symbolic and religious meanings.

Sculpture works of art are visible works of art that can be seen directly, enjoyed by everyone, both in terms of the form of the design and the techniques used. So that it shows a form/image of decoration that is repeated or continuous with one another.

Carving itself can be made using a variety of materials. Among them such as wood, bone, stone, metal and even fruit. To determine the materials to be used in making sculpture depending on the purpose.

The difference between Carving and Sculpture

Carving is often associated with sculpture, but these two activities are very different. Sculpture is more aimed at producing three-dimensional works, such as sculptures. Meanwhile, the art of carving, in general, its products are more directed at objects that are two-dimensional (2 dimensions).

Sculpture is an activity of carving works made in four or five dimensions. Meanwhile, the art of carving itself only uses a flat surface. Then formed concave parts and convex parts to obtain a certain artistic pattern or image.

Types of Carving

According to Bastomi (1982: 3-4), there are six types of sculpture produced by artists, namely:

1. Convex Engraving Type

Convex carving is a form of convex carving, this type of carving is widely used in relief making.

2. Concave Engraving Type

Concave carving is a form of carving that forms a concave shape.

3. Types of Arranged Engraving

Stacking carving is a carving in the form of layers. For example, in carving large leaves under carvings of medium and small leaves, a beautiful shape is formed.

4. Line Engraving Type (Cawen)

Line carving is a form of carving that is engraved on the lines of the image only. This type of line engraving is widely used on metal as stroke engraving.

5. Takokan Engraving Type

That is a form of carving that does not use a frame, so this carving shows the edges of the carving boundaries. Takokan carving is closely related to the type of krawangan carving.

6. Translucent Engraving Type (Krawangan)

Translucent or krawangan carving is a form of carving that does not apply a base, so this carving is essentially translucent (with holes). So it is often used for room dividers (sketsel), chairs, carved outboards and so on.

Wood as one of the main materials for carving plays an important role in making a work of art. Getting a certain type of wood in making a work of art will support the maximum results of carving works.

Carving Function

In the work of art carving has several functions, namely:

a. Ornamental Function

Sculptures made solely as decoration and have no specific meaning.

b. Magic Function

Sculpted works of art that contain certain symbols and function as magical objects related to belief and spirituality.

c. Symbolic Function

The art of traditional carving also has certain functions related to the characteristics of local culture. For example, in the form of visual codes for the Minangkabau tradition called "Kupang-kupang si awang labiah" in the singok section of the Minang tradition building.

Another example is in some of the ornaments found in Indonesian traditional houses.

d. Construction Function

The function of other carving works is to support a building.

f. Economic Function

Finally, carving works also function to increase the selling value of an object so that it can create jobs.

Carving Techniques

There are several carving techniques that we often find in various carving works, including:

1. Carving

Carving is the art of chipping and cutting flat pieces of wood to form carvings that appear to be three-dimensional. This technique is usually done using tools such as chisels and hammers, as well as carving knives that are used to clarify details.

2. Chip Carving

Ship carving techniques are generally used on larger pieces of work such as tree stumps or logs and use larger axes and chisels. This technique creates large works like sculptures and involves quite a complicated process.

3. Wood Burning

Wood burning is a technique primarily used to add to designs or wood finishes, but some artists actually use the burning method to carve small pieces of wood. Burnt wood will darken around the final carving and make the impression appear more alive.

4. scrape

The scraping technique is one of the oldest and simplest ways in beginner carving techniques. This technique requires nothing more than a piece of wood and a carving knife.

Practicing carving techniques is quite complicated and difficult even though it looks easier, for beginners to make carvings from this technique can spend quite a long time.

Various Motives of Carving Art in the Archipelago

We need to know, there are various kinds of carving motifs in the archipelago, namely:

1. Jepara Carving Art Motifs

Jepara is already famous for its areas that process various types of wood such as teak and mahogany. The results of Jepara carving are well known in various furniture or heavy household appliances such as cupboards and beds. There is even an area that is the center of carving and sculpture making in Jepara.

Jepara carving art motifs have characteristics, namely:

• The motif of tassels and leaves in the form of niches
• Slanted leaf carving
• The stem of the plant shape is curved and the branches fill the space
• It is flexible so that it can be applied to interior and exterior objects

2. Toraja Carving Art Motifs

Toraja carving motifs are quite well known and are widely sold and favored by carving lovers. This motif is mainly applied to wood. The Toraja ancestors interpreted that the carvings from Toraja meant that every Toraja person must have the trait of helping each other, whether family or not.

The characteristics of Toraja carving art motifs are:

• The base color is red
• Black, which is widely used as a symbol of the land of Toraja, is the same as the cloth commonly used by the Toraja people
• It is the result of processing aesthetic elements from points, plane lines, textures which are organized as a unit.
• Used as a decoration for clothes and sarongs

3. Jogjakarta Carving Art Motifs

The characteristics of the Jogjakarta carving art motifs are:

• The shape of the main leaves that are indented and graceful with carvings of concave and convex leaves
• The principal decorative elements are similar to the naturally occurring shape of the corolla. Is a composition of plants on a crown that spreads tendrils so that it resembles the shape of a flower.

4. Balinese Carving Art Motifs

Balinese carving art has often been exported to foreign countries. Balinese carving art motifs are very well known, especially abroad and Hindu and Buddhist people. The many carvings that symbolize and interpret the gods and goddesses of the two religions have made Balinese artists very famous.

In general, Balinese carvers use wood as the main medium, especially teak wood.

The characteristics of Balinese carving art motifs:

• A cup that curls at the end
• All forms of carved leaves, fruit and flowers are convex and concave
• The threads are convex and oblique, partly growing in circles until they reach the ends of the curls
• Sunggar that grows from the end of the thread curls on the main leaf

5. Surakarta Carving Art Motif

Surakarta carving art motifs are no less beautiful. Characteristics of Surakarta carvings are:

• The carvings are very soft and harmonious
• The general use of motifs is ferns or fern plants whose tendrils are allowed to flow naturally
• Surakarta carving uses a lot of natural influences or images

6. Asmat or Papua Carving Art Motifs

The Asmat tribe in Irian uses their carved artwork as an icon or representative of the artistic results that flow in the blood of the tribe. The characteristics of the motifs of Irian carving are as follows:

The image is still rough

• The carvings are large and clear
• The carvings are generally used for masks typical of the Asmat tribe, boats, items useful for other traditional ceremonies
• The carvings are used for household items and other life supports

Thus our explanation about Definition of Carving, Types, Techniques and Motives (Complete). Hopefully it can be useful and add knowledge to all of us. Thank You.