Single Substances Are: Definition, Elements and Compounds
Single Substance Is: Definition, Elements and Compounds – What is meant by a single substance? On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss whether it is a single substance and examples. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.
Single Substances Are: Definition, Elements and Compounds
Matter can be classified into pure substances and mixtures. A pure substance is a substance that is made up of the same kind of matter. While the mixture consists of two or more types of matter. For example, Water is a single substance, whereas seawater is a mixture. Seawater consists of water and various substances mixed in it, such as salt.
Pure substances can be elements and compounds. Elements are single substances that cannot be broken down chemically, while compounds can be broken down into two or more types of simpler substances.
Element
Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Examples include iron, gold, aluminum, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. The elemental types weren't that many. There are only 90 elements in nature. However, thanks to the advancement of science, experts have succeeded in making several new elements. Up to the time this book was written, no less than 114 types of elements have been identified and probably there will be more to come.
To summarize writing, each element is given a symbol which we call the elemental symbol or atomic symbol. History records various ways/symbols to mark elemental atoms. The method of giving the atomic symbol used today was proposed by Jons Jakob Berzelius (1779-1848). According to this method, each element is denoted by a single letter, that is, the initial letter of the Latin name of the element concerned and is written in capital letters.
Chemical elements can be distinguished based on their shape, namely solid, liquid, and gaseous chemical elements. Apart from that, you can also group chemical elements based on the periodic table, namely metals, non-metals, and semi-metals (metalloids). Apart from that, you will also learn about the elemental formula, for example 02 means that in one molecule of oxygen gas there are 2 oxygen atoms or P4 means that in one phosphorus there are 4 phosphorus atoms.
Elements that have the same initial letter, the symbol is distinguished by adding one other letter from the element's name which is written in lower case. Consider the following examples.
Examples of elements and their chemical symbols
- Hydrogen (H)
- Nitrogen (N)
- Oxygen (O)
- Sulfur or sulfur (S)
- Carbon (C)
- Gold (Au)
- Silver (Ag)
- Platinum (Pt)
- Iron (Fe)
- Zinc (Zn)
- Sodium (Na)
- Calcium (Ca)
- Potassium (K)
- Magnesium (Mg)
- Phosphorus (P)
- Chlorine (Cl)
- Helium (He)
- Neon (Ne)
- Aluminum (Al)
- Uranium (U)
Compound
Compounds are formed by the chemical bonding of two or more types of elements. Water, for example, is formed from hydrogen and oxygen. There are many types of compounds. Today no less than 10 million compounds are known and every day thousands of new compounds are made or recognized.
In learning about chemical compounds, you will also learn about several types of compounds, such as acidic, basic, ionic, salt, oxide, and organic compounds. Acidic compounds are compounds which, when dissolved in water, produce a pH less than 7, meanwhile Basic compounds are compounds which when dissolved will produce a solution with a higher pH than 7.
Although compounds are formed from the chemical bonding of several elements, compounds have certain properties that are different from the properties of the constituent elements.
Examples of Compounds and Their Chemical Formulas
- Water: H₂O
- Table salt or sodium chloride: NaCl
- Carbon dioxide: CO₂
- Carbon monoxide: CO
- Ammonia: NH₃
- Acetic acid or vinegar: CH₃COOH
- Sulfuric acid: H₂SO₄
- Hydrochloric acid: HCl
- Sodium hydroxide: NaOH
- Potassium hydroxide: KOH
- Calcium hydroxide: Ca(OH)₂
- Urea: CO(NH₂)₂
- Ethanol: C₂H₅OH
- Glucose: C₆H₁₂O₆
- Sucrose: C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
- Calcium chloride: CaCl₂
- Acetone: C₃H₆O or (CH₃)₂CO
- Formalin or formaldehyde: CH₂O
- Nitrogen monoxide: NO
- Hydrogen peroxide: H₂O₂
Thus the review from About the knowledge.co.id about Single Substance, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.
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