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6 Types of International Law Subjects

6 Types of International Law Subjects – The definition of the subject of International Law is as owners, holders or supporters of rights and bearers of obligations under international law. At the beginning, and the birth and growth of international law, only the state is seen as a subject of international law.

Another definition of the subject of international law according to (Istanto, Ibid.: 16; Mauna, 2001:12) are all parties or entities that can be burdened by rights and obligations regulated by International Law. These rights and obligations originate from all provisions, both formal and non-formal, from international agreements or from international customs.

6 Types of International Law Subjects

Let's first discuss the characteristics of International Law subjects carefully.

Characteristics of the subject of International Law

There are also characteristics of the subject of international law, namely:

  1. Owned by all entities.
  2. Have the ability to have and exercise rights and obligations according to international law.
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Recently there have been several international law subjects recognized by the international community, including:

a. Country

According to the 1949 Montevideo convention, concerning the Rights and Duties of a State, the qualifications of a state to be considered a person under the law international namely, permanent residents, certain territories, governments, and the ability to enter into relations with other countries or relations diplomatic.

In addition, there is also some literature which also states that a state is a subject of international law the main thing, there is even some literature that states that the state is the only legal subject international. The reasons underlying the opinion stating that the state is the main subject of international law are:

  1. International law has regulated the rights and obligations of the state, so that what must be regulated by international law is the main thing that is the state.
  2. International agreements are the main source of international law where the state has the most role in creating them.

b. International Organization

According to Theodore A Couloumbis and James 11. Wolfe's classification of international organizations is:

  1. An international organization has a global membership with general aims and objectives, for example the United Nations (UN).
  2. An international organization has a global goal of an international organization is to have a goal that is specific, examples are the World Bank, UNESCO, International Monetary Fund, International Labor Organization, and etc.
  3. A global organization that has regional membership with global aims and objectives, including: Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), European Union.

There is also a legal basis stating that international organizations are subjects. international law is article 104 of the UN charter.

Types of International Law Subjects

The following are 6 types of international law subjects including:

1. Country

A state has an important role in the life of the nation and state. It can be said that the state is a subject of international law which is used as the most important thing.

The condition for a State to be called a subject of international law is if it has 4 elements, namely; government, has a permanent population, has a certain territory, and has the ability to establish relations with other countries, whether in the form of cooperation or otherwise. There are various sources of literature stating that the State is the only subject of international law, and is the main subject of international law.

2. International Organization

An international organization is also a subject of international law. International organizations that have cross-country membership, or from various countries are subjects of international law.

One that often appears in the news is the UN international organization. In addition to the United Nations, other international organizations that have more specific goals, such as the WHO and the World Bank, are included in the subject of international law. Regional international organizations such as ASEAN can also be classified as international organizations.

3. PMI or International Red Cross

History records that PMI is a subject of international law whose existence is very important and strategic. Initially, PMI was a national organization founded by five Swiss nationals working in the humanitarian field. Then until now PMI is used as a global international legal subject.

4. Vatican

If you hear the vatican, then we will remember that the vatican is better known or popular with the throne The Holy Vatican is included in the subject of international law based on the source of the Lateran Treaty in 1929.

The contents of the agreement were the surrender of a piece of land in Rome by Italy to the Vatican Holy See. It is said that the Holy See of the Vatican is a small country, but only focuses on matters of spirituality and humanity.

6 Complete Types of International Law Subjects

5. Beligerent

Belligerent is a group that commits rebellion and is also a subject of international law. If the rebels are widespread and involve many parties, then the existence of the rebels must be acknowledged.

6. Individual

It was first interpreted with the birth of the declaration of human rights in 1948, and the holding of various conventions on human rights, causing human existence to become increasingly visible. One of the bases is the London agreement in 1945.

Thus our discussion this time about 6 Types of International Law Subjects, I hope the above article can be useful. Thank you 🙂

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