√ Frictional Force: Definition, Types, Properties and Examples
Frictional Force: Definition, Types, Properties and Examples - On this occasion About Knowledge will discuss about Friction Style. Which in this discussion explains the definition of friction, types, properties and examples briefly and clearly. To make it easier to understand and clear, see the article below.
Frictional Force: Definition, Types, Properties and Examples
Frictional force is a movement that occurs due to the contact of 2 surfaces, such as the frictional force on a bicycle brake. Where when stopped, the rubber on the bicycle comes into contact with the bicycle rim which causes friction to occur making it stop when braking.
This force occurs when 2 objects touch each other and move in opposite directions, relative to one another. With opposing frictional forces, there will be a tensile force that differs in magnitude, depending on the state of the contacting surfaces. If the surface is smooth, the friction force will be less than the friction force on a rough surface.
In the sense of frictional force is a force that is opposite to each other or the tendency of moving objects that occur when 2 objects touch. The object does not have to be a solid object, there is also a gas or liquid. There are several frictional forces between 2 solid objects such as kinetic or static frictional forces, while between solid and liquid objects, namely stokes forces.
The Nature of Friction
Friction force or commonly called frictional force has several characteristics or properties that distinguish it from other types of force. The following are some of the properties of frictional motion, including:
Obstructing object movement
In this property the direction of the friction force is always opposite to the direction of the external force acting on which object is inhibiting the motion of objects, such as the direction of the frictional force to the right or outward to the left and so on on the contrary.
Opposite direction
Another property is that the frictional force is always in the opposite direction to the direction of motion of an object, if the object moves to left then the direction of the frictional force is to the right and if it moves upwards the direction of the frictional force will be downwards as well on the contrary.
The size of the style depends on the degree of roughness
The magnitude of the force depends on the degree of roughness on the surfaces of objects that touch each other, the rougher the surface, the greater the frictional force and vice versa.
The magnitude of the force is influenced by the area of the field
The magnitude of the frictional force is affected by the area of the field when the object moves in the air or is in free fall, where the larger the contact surface area, the greater the frictional force and vice versa.
Friction type
Here are some types of friction, among others, namely:
Static friction
The friction between two (2) solid objects that are not moving relative to each other is called static friction. For example the force of static friction that can prevent an object from sliding downwards on an inclined plane.
In Newton's first law, an object at rest, the resultant force acting on an object is zero. This is based on the law when pushing an object that is above the surface but the object is still still, of course there is another force that opposes the thrust given. This force is a frictional force, which acts on a stationary object called static frictional force (fs), which is a frictional force acting on a stationary object.
Frictional forces also affect the surfaces of objects and surfaces in contact, the level of roughness can be expressed by the friction coefficient while for a stationary object is called the static friction coefficient with μs symbol. In general it is greater than the kinetic coefficient and besides that the frictional force is influenced by the normal force (N) exerted on the plane of the object. When formulated mathematically static friction is as follows:
fs max = μs N
Information:
fs max = Maximum static friction force
μs = Coefficient of static friction
N = Normal force (N)
Kinetic friction force
Dynamic friction or commonly called kinetic where can occur when two objects moving relative to one another rub against each other. This can be described when kicking a ball on the ground, where the ball will roll at a certain speed.
The longer the speed of the ball, the less it will eventually stop the ball. When the ball moves, it is obtained from a kick, but when moving, there is a force that inhibits the movement of the ball resulting in a decrease in speed. The force on the reduced speed of the ball is called the kinetic frictional force which is the frictional force acting on a moving object.
Kinetic friction is the same as static friction which depends on the normal force and the degree of roughness of the surface of the object and the contact area or the coefficient of friction which is symbolized μk. The mathematical formula for kinetic friction is:
fk = μk N
Information:
fk = Kinetic friction force
μk = coefficient of kinetic friction
N = normal force (N)
The value of the friction coefficient, both static and kinetic, is never more than 1. Apart from that, the coefficient of static friction is generally always greater than the coefficient of kinetic friction (μs > μk). Below is a table of differences in the values of the static and kinetic friction coefficients of the various surfaces in contact.
Surface |
μs |
μk |
| Human arm joints | 0,01 |
0,01 |
| Ice on ice | 0,1 |
0,03 |
| Metal on metal that has been lubricated | 0,15 |
0,07 |
| Wood on wood | 0,4 |
0,2 |
| Zinc on scrap metal | 0,85 |
0,21 |
| Steel on steel | 0,74 |
0,57 |
| Rubber on dry concrete | 1 |
0,8 |
Source: Sears & Zemansky, p. 37
Besides the difference in the value of the friction coefficient, static and kinetic friction also have other differences, as follows:
|
Static Friction fs = μs N |
Kinetic Friction fk = μk N |
| Work on stationary objects | Work on moving objects |
| Its value always changes depending on the "F" force acting on an object. | Its value is always constant regardless of the speed and acceleration of the object (either GLB or GLBB). |
| The maximum value is reached when the object is about to move. | There is no maximum value. |
Example of Friction Force
There are several advantages and disadvantages of friction, including:
Examples of adverse frictional forces
- Friction in the contact of the two gears.
- Friction between the moving shaft and the bearings.
- Friction between the piston (piston) with the cylinder;
- Friction that occurs in these machine parts can be reduced by providing lubricating oil.
An example of favorable friction
- Friction in the brake system that utilizes the friction force between firodo (rough asbestos material) and the wheels themselves.
- Friction between the grinding machine and a sharpened tool with a grinding machine utilizes the frictional force of the rotating grinding stone with the object being sharpened.
Thus the explanation about Frictional Force: Definition, Types, Properties and Examples, hopefully it can be useful and add to your insight.
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