Historical Text: Definition, Characteristics, Structure, Linguistic Rules and Examples

Historical Text: Definition, Characteristics, Structure, Linguistic Rules and Examples – What is a Historical Text? On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss whether it is a Historical Text and other things about it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.

Historical Text: Definition, Characteristics, Structure, Linguistic Rules and Examples

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Historical text is a text which explains or tells about facts or past events, which become the origin of something so that it implies a historical value inside it.

while history according to experts is as follows:

• According to Muhammad Yamin, history is defined as a science that is compiled based on the results of investigations of several events that can be proven by material reality.
• According to Mohammad Hatta, In Muhammad Hatta's view, history does not produce stories from past events, but instead provides an understanding of the past as a problem.
• According to Nugroho Notosusanto, Nugroho Notosusanto argues that History is an event involving humans as social beings that occurred in the past. History is also interpreted as a story about all these events, the story is compiled based on the legacy of various events.
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Based on the definitions above, historical narrative texts generally contain resolutions, historical narrative text structures, discussion rules, and historical narrative stories to clarify. Studying the elements contained in historical texts is certainly very necessary, so that historical records can be properly organized, connected, and easy to understand when read. For that we need to study the structure of historical narrative text.

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Characteristics of Historical Texts

After knowing what historical text is, the following are the characteristics contained in it:

• Historical texts are described chronologically as well as the sequence of events or the sequence of events in them.
• The form of the text is recon or known as recount text
• The structure of the text is orientation, sequence of events, and reorientation.
• Generally often use temporal conjunctions.
• Fill in a fact that happened.

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Historical Text Structure

In the historical text there is a structure that composes it, which is as follows:

• Orientation, Orientation is an introductory or opening part of the text of the historical story.
• Sequence of Events, Is a record of historical events that occurred, which will generally be presented in the form of the chronological order that occurred.
• Reorientation, usually contains the author's personal comments on historical events or events that he wants to tell. This section is an optional stage, meaning that it is possible that this section was not presented by the historical narrative text writer.

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Linguistic Rules of Historical Texts

Now, some of the linguistic rules that need to be considered in historical texts are as follows:

• pronoun, Pronouns (pronouns) are usually words that are used to replace things and to name someone or something indirectly.
• adverbial phrase, A word which indicates an event or event in the form of time or place.
• Material Verbs, Words that function to indicate activities or real actions carried out by participants. This material verb shows a physical action or event, such as: reading, writing, or sweeping.
• Temporal Conjunction, In order to be useful for arranging the sequences of an event that you want to tell, historical story texts only use a temporal conjunction / conjunction (time conjunction).

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Types of Historical Texts

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History of Fiction

In the type of historical fiction text can be divided into 4, namely as follows:

• NovelThe novel is a work of prose fiction written narratively, which is usually in the form of a story. Novelists are called novelists, and the word novel comes from the Italian novella which means "a story or a piece of news".
• Short storyShort stories or short stories are a form of fictitious narrative prose. Usually short stories tend to be concise and direct to their goals compared to other works of fiction that are so long.
• Legend, A prose story about the people which is considered by those who own the story as something that really happened.
• Romance is a type of literary work in the form of prose or repercussions, the contents of which describe the actions of the perpetrators according to the nature or character and contents of each soul. But romance can have the meaning of "love story"

Non-Fiction History

Now in the history of non-fiction can also be divided into 4, namely as follows:

• Biography, biography is a story or description of a person's life which is written by someone else.
• Autobiography, story or information about someone's life written by the person who experienced it.
• Travel Stories, Is a text in which tells about the journey.
• Historical Notes, Is a text in which explains or tells about the facts or events in the past which will later become the origin, which will later have value history.

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The Difference between Fiction & Non-Fiction History

Below are some differences between fiction and non-fiction history, along with the explanation:

• Fictional History:
  
  • The storytelling path is prepared based on the real world or derives the storytelling directly from the real world.
  • The depiction of the inner life of a character is more profound.
  • Character development is not fully disclosed.
  • Presenting life according to the personal views of the author.
• Non-Fiction History:
  
  • Compiled based on objective data or facts.
  • The description of the character is written in full according to the facts.
  • Presenting life in accordance with data and facts.

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Steps to Abstract Historical Text

Here are a few steps in abstracting historical texts, namely:

• Read the text in full.
• Determine the main idea.
• Determine the main sentence.
• Define keywords.
• Make sentences based on keywords.
• Arrange text into an abstraction.

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Steps to Analyze Historical Text

There are several ways to analyze historical texts, including the following:

• Determine the main idea of ​​the paragraph.
• Identify the structure and rules.

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Example of historical text

To better understand the historical text, a complete example has been described here along with its analysis:
Analyzing Labor Day:

Example of historical text 1

• Paragraph 1 (Orientation Stage)

The event has been identified as Labor Day. The perpetrators in this incident were the workers. This event generally occurs every May. These events occurred in several countries. The incident occurred because it demanded the enforcement of 8 hours of work. The event started with an attempt by the trade union movement to celebrate the economic and social successes of the workers.

• Paragraph 2 (Sequence of Events Stage 1)

The events depicted are the demands of the workers. The perpetrators of this event are the working class. This event occurred at the beginning of the 19th century. The event occurred first in the United States. The incident occurred because of the tightening of discipline on working hours, minimum wages, and the working conditions of the workers. The event started with a strike by the working class of the United States.

• Paragraph 3 ( Stage Sequence of Events 2 )

The events identified are demonstrations. The perpetrators are black or white workers. The demonstrations took place in various cities in the United States in April 1886. The event united black and white workers.

• Paragraph 4 (Sequence of Events Stage 3)

The incident identified was a reaction by employers and officials to a demonstration by the workers.

• Paragraph 5 (Sequence of Events Stage 4)

The incident identified was the explosion of a bomb. The perpetrators are the workers. events occurred May 3, 1886. As a result of the incident, the police banned the workers' demonstration.

• Paragraph 6 (Sequence of Events Stage 5)

The incident identified was a series of demonstrations by the workers which in the United States and then proceeded in Europe to demand a reduction in working hours.

• Paragraph 7 (Sequence of Events Stage 6)

Events identified regarding the International Workers' Congress in 1889. The congress decided on a general strike on May 1, 1890 and then made May 1 as World Labor Day.

• Paragraph 8 (Reorientation Stage)

What is identified is the international labor standard, namely in terms of 8 working hours/day or 40 hours/week.

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Example of historical text 2

Aceh Tsunami

• Orientation Stage:

The incident that occurred on December 26, 2004 was very heartbreaking for the Aceh earthquake and tsunami.
About 500,000 people lost their lives in a short time on the edge of the world bordering the Indian Ocean

• Order of Events:

The earthquake that occurred at that time was the most severe earthquake in the last 40 years. The earthquake not only destroyed but reached Malaysia, Thailand, Sri Lanka and even reached the East coast of Africa. The earthquake at that time was the longest recorded earthquake at around 10 minutes. Some experts reveal that this earthquake is capable of shaking the earth with an amplitude of vibration above 1 cm.

And the earthquake that was centered in the middle of the Indonesian ocean also triggered earthquakes in various places in the world. As a result of the disaster, eight countries suffered the consequences and 230,000 lost their lives. But the true number of victims in Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Africa cannot be known with certainty.

Estimating at least 150,000 people, the UN estimates that most of the additional victims are in Indonesia. In Indonesia, the earthquake and tsunami claimed more than 126,000 lives. And people's houses were razed to the ground because of the Tsunami disaster.

• Reorientation Stage:

This disaster is one of the most fatal events that occurred in Indonesian history. Hopefully this will not happen again in our beloved country.

Example of historical text 3

Indonesian independence

• Orientation Stage:

Starting with the outbreak of the "Greater East Asia War", and America declared war on Japan. Due to the Japanese attack on the United States defense center "Pearl Harbor" on December 8, 1941. Japan with its Air Force and Navy was increasingly aggressive in landing in Indochina, the Philippines, Malaya and Indonesia.

The Dutch East Indies government joined the Allies in declaring war on Japan. Japan's aim to land in Indonesia was to paralyze the Dutch troops. The Japanese first landed on Tarakan and then continued in the areas of Balikpapan, Manado, Ambon, Makassar, Pontianak and Palembang. And the area of ​​Java was controlled by him, in 1942, the Japanese landed in Banten, Indramayu and Rembang.

The area under Batavia's control was expanded with Batavia on 5 March 1942, and further extended to Surakarta, Cikampek, Semarang and Surabaya. The Dutch were increasingly pressured by the Japanese attacks and ended with the Dutch East Indies declaring "unconditional surrender".

• Order of Events:

The Indonesian people initially welcomed the arrival of the Japanese military. It can be seen from the cooperative attitude of our national leader Ir. Soekarno and Moh Hatta. The Japanese government began to embrace society by forming community organizations, which were actually only for Japan's interests in World War II.

These organizations include: Center for People's Power, (PUTERA), Jawa Hokokai, Fujinkai Keibodan, Heiho, MIAI, and the establishment BPUPKI.BPUPKI (Business Investigation Agency for the Preparation of Indonesian Independence) was formed in 1943 under the government of Prime Minister Tojo.

Minister Tojo has the task of studying and investigating important and necessary matters for the formation of the Indonesian government. Subsequent developments BPUPKI disbanded and replaced with the name of our struggle figure. From BPUPKI to PPPKI known as Docoritsu Junbi Inkai, this name shows that PPPKI was not formed by Japan.

However, the results of the agreement and the struggle of Indonesian independence leaders. An important event was the meeting between Sukarno, M. Hatta and Rajiman Wedyodiningrat with General Terauchi in Dalat were delivered. That the Japanese government has decided to grant independence to Indonesia, which includes the territory of the former Dutch East Indies

when the Japanese troops began to weaken. The defeats and defeats he got and America got stronger and he added to withdraw his troops in Europe. American forces halted the Japanese offensive in May 1942 at the Battle of the Coral Sea and 1942 at the Battle of Midway.

Japan is getting weaker as America goes on a rampage. On August 6, 1945, the US dropped its first Atomic Bomb on the Hiroshima area. And not satisfied also 3 days later on August 9 the second Atomic Bomb was dropped again on the city of Nagasaki. Two of Japan's urban centers were eventually leveled.

Until finally Japan surrendered to the Allies on August 14, 1945 without conditions. With that the surrender was carried out on board the Missouri on September 2, 1945 by the emperor Hirito (Japan) and General Douglas Mc Arthur (Allies).

• Reorientation Stage:

The news of Japan's defeat against the allies could not be hidden. With the Post Dam agreement, Japan surrendered its power to the allies and automatically there was a power vacuum in Indonesia.

Thus the review from About the knowledge.co.id about Historical Text, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.