√ Definition of Guttation in Plants, Complete Processes and Differences
Definition of Guttation in Plants, Complete Processes & Differences – In this discussion we will explain about guttation in plants. Which includes the understanding of guttation in plants, processes, differences in guttation and transpiration which are discussed in full and lightly.
Definition of Guttation in Plants, Complete Processes & Differences
For more details, please see the review below carefully.
Definition of Guttation in Plants
Guttation is a process of releasing water in liquid form from leaf tissue. Transpiration is the process by which water evaporates from plants into the air.
At first the plant can absorb water through the roots and will lose water through the leaves. In small seeds evaporation occurs only a few drops of water in one week, but in mature trees it will evaporate more than 1000 liters/day. During transpiration, water evaporates from the leaves through small gaps called stomata.
There is little, often less than 1% of the water absorbed by the plant is used in metabolic reactions or hydrolysis. Most of the water absorbed by plants will be transpired through the leaves.
Guttation Process In Plants
Guttation occurs when soil conditions are suitable so that water absorption is high but the rate of evaporation/transpiration is low or when evaporation of water is difficult due to high humidity. The process of guttation occurs in leaves that are similar in structure to stomata, which are called hydatodes.
Expulsion of water through the process of guttation occurs due to positive pressure originating from the roots. Even when the transpiration rate is low, the roots still absorb water and minerals so that more water enters the tissues than is released out.
Conditions that do not support the occurrence of root pressure include cold temperatures and dry soil because it slows the occurrence of guttation. Lack of minerals can also be an influence on the guttation process.
If transpiration occurs in the stomata, then guttation occurs in the special structures of hydatodes. Hydatodes are also called water stomata. Hydatodes are located at the tips and along the edges of the leaves. Therefore, water spots will be visible at the ends and edges of the leaves.
Guttation often occurs at night, but can also occur in the morning. The highest guttation rate was found in Colocasia nymphelofia. Guttation is most common in aquatic plants, herbs and grasses.
Transpiration Process In Plants
Transpiration is the loss of water in the form of water vapor from the plant body by evaporation. Evaporation of water creates a suction power that allows plants to absorb important minerals and nutrients from the soil.
The ratio between water loss by transpiration and dry matter production during growth is a measure of the efficiency of water use by plants.
The greater the ratio, the less efficient these plant species are in using water. The transpiration ratio of most cultivated plants is between 100-500 or more, this means that it requires 100-500 grams of water to get 1 gram of plant dry matter.
Therefore, the types of tall plants that live on land are very inefficient in using water. Even so, there are also some plants that are more efficient than other types of plants. C4 plants per unit of water used can produce 3-4 times more dry matter than C3 plants.
Loss of water when transpiration can take place from any part of the plant associated with the atmosphere. Nonetheless, most of it takes place through the leaves through the stomata. Due to the nature of the cuticle which is impermeable to water, transpiration that takes place through the cuticle tends to be very small, to produce 1 gram of water vapor, 500 cal of heat energy is required. Thus, transpiration creates a cooling effect on the leaves.
The heat needed for water evaporation comes from sunlight. Sunlight is channeled in three ways, namely:
- As direct light, by diffusion or reflection
- As heat radiation, namely from the atmosphere, soil or surrounding objects
- By convection flow (flow of hot air through the leaves). Of the amount of heat absorbed by the leaves, only some is received as conduction heat from other parts of the plant body.
The transpirational movements of these leaves often display a daily cycle. On clear days, there is a rapid increase in transpiration in the morning, peaking in the late afternoon, followed by a decline in the afternoon and evening.
Sensible heat (convection) or latent heat (from transpiration) that comes out during the day experiences cooling due to radiation returning to the air. These conditions result in the formation of dew.
Leaf temperatures at night are often several degrees below air temperature because heat loss by radiation returns to the sky and relatively little heat is received from the surrounding air. In the morning when the sun has risen, the leaves exposed to the sun will heat up more easily and the temperature will be high along with the air temperature. At the same time, stomata that close at night open. In this way the leaves will transpiration and lose heat. This will often cause the leaves exposed to sunlight to only have a slightly higher temperature than the air.
Differences between Guttation and Transpiration in Plants
To see the difference between guttation and transpiration in plants, you can look at the table below.
Thus has been explained about Definition of Guttation in Plants, Complete Processes & Differences, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read our other articles.
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