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√ Definition of Public Policy, Form, Characteristics, Process, Type, Stage, Evaluation and Impact

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Definition of Public Policy, Form, Characteristics, Process, Type, Stage, Evaluation and Impact – In this discussion we will explain about public policy. Which includes the definition of public policy, the form of public policy, the characteristics of public policy, the policy process public policy, stages of public policy, evaluation and impact of public policy with complete and easy discussion understood.

Definition of Public Policy, Form, Characteristics, Process, Type, Stage, Evaluation and Impact

For more details, please see the review below carefully.

Definition of Public Policy

Public policy is a series of actions carried out or not carried out by the government which are oriented towards specific goals to solve public problems or for the sake of interests public.

Forms of Public Policy

According to Tangklilisan (2003:2) public policies can be divided into three groups, namely:

Macro Public Policy
Macro public policies are general in nature or can also be called basic policies, such as for example:

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  • The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia
  • Laws or government regulations in lieu of laws
  • Government regulations
  • Presidential decree
  • Local regulation

Macro public policies in their implementation can be directly implemented.

Meso Public Policy

Public policies that are meso or medium in nature or what are often referred to as implementation explanations. This policy is in the form of Ministerial Regulations, Ministerial Circular Letters, Governor Regulations, Regulations Regents, Mayoral Regulations, joint decrees or SKB between ministers, governors and regents or guardians city.

Micro Public Policy

Public policies that are micro in nature, regulate the course or implementation of public policies on it. The form of this policy is like regulations made by certain public officials whose positions are under the Minister, Governor, Regent and Mayor.

Features of Public Policy

Suharno (2010:22-24) suggests the specific characteristics attached to public policy, the source of which is the fact that the policy is formulated. The characteristics of public policy include:

  • Public policy is an act that leads to a goal rather than as an actor or action that is completely random and coincidental.
  • Policy essentially consists of actions that are interconnected and have patterns that lead to certain goals carried out by government officials and not a standing decision Alone.
  • Policies concern what the government actually does in certain fields
  • Public policy can be positive, it can be negative, it is possible to suffice the decisions of government officials not to act or take any action in matters in which the government intervenes needed.

Public Policy Process

According to several definitions of public policy experts. So that public policy is a policy made by the government as a policy maker whose goal is specific to the community where in its preparation it goes through various stages.

The steps taken so that the policies that have been made can achieve the desired goals.

  • Agenda Preparation
    Agenda setting is a very strategic phase and process in the reality of public policy.
  • Policy Formulation
    Issues that have entered the policy agenda are then explained by policy makers. The problems were interpreted to then look for the best solution to the problem.
  • Policy Adoption
    The purpose of legitimacy is to provide authorization for the basic processes of government. If the act of legitimacy in a society is governed by the sovereignty of the people, the color of the state will participate in directing the government.
  • Policy Implementation
    Each stage of policy implementation will definitely encounter an impact and performance of the policy. In this condition it will be found whether a policy that has been made can arrive at the expected goals or not.
  • Policy Evaluation
    Policy evaluation can be referred to as activities related to the estimation or assessment of policies which include substance, implementation and impact. It views evaluation as a functional activity.

Types of Public Policy

According to James Anderson quoted by Suharno (2010:24-25) states the categories of public policy include the following:

  • Substantive Policy Versus Procedural Policy
  • Distributive Policy Versus Regulatory Policy Versus Redistributive Policy
  • Material Policy Versus Symbolic Policy
  • Policies Related to Public Goods and Private Goods

Public Policy Stages

According to William Dunn, quoted by Budi Winarno, the stages of public policy are as follows:

Agenda Preparation Stage
Elected and appointed officials position issues on the public agenda. Problems before entering into public policy will compete first, and in the end some problems enter the policy agenda of policy makers. At this stage maybe a problem is not addressed at all, while other problems are fixed become the focus of discussion, or there are also problems due to certain reasons being postponed in time which is old.

Policy Formulation Stage
Issues that have entered the policy agenda are then discussed by policy makers. The problem is interpreted to further seek the best solution to the problem. In solving the problem, it is sought from the origin and various alternatives or existing policy options.

Policy Adoption Stage
There are so many policy alternatives presented by policy makers, one of the alternatives will be at the end Such policies are adopted with the support of a legislative majority, consensus among agency directors or decisions Justice.

Policy Implementation Stage
A policy program will only become elite records if the program is not implemented. That is run by administrative bodies or government agencies at lower levels.

Policies that have been adopted are carried out by administrative units that mobilize financial and human resources. At this implementation stage several interests will compete with each other.

Policy Evaluation Stage
In this stage the policies that have been implemented will be assessed or evaluated, to see how far policies made to achieve the desired impact effect, namely solving the problem at hand public. Therefore, determined the criteria or criteria that form the basis of the assessment whether the public policy that has been implemented has achieved the desired impact or goal or Not yet.

Public Policy Evaluation

Public policy evaluation is an activity related to the estimation or assessment of policies which include substance, implementation and impact (Anderson: 1975). Evaluation is a functional activity, which means that policy evaluation is not only carried out at the final stage but also for all policy processes.

According to Dunn, the term evaluation has related meanings, each referring to the application of a partial value scale to the outcomes of policies and programs. Evaluation includes conclusion + clarification + criticism + adjustments and reformulation of the problem.

Definition of Public Policy, Form, Characteristics, Process, Type, Stages, Evaluation, Impact

Impact of Public Policy

The impact of public policy is all the effects arising from a policy in real life conditions (Dye, 1981:367). Policy effects are various things done by the government. For example, the construction and rehabilitation of highways, the payment of welfare benefits or allowances for a profession, the arrest of perpetrators of criminal acts, the holding of public schools.

A policy will definitely have an impact, be it positive or negative. The positive impact in question is the desired impact that will occur as a result of the policy and provide benefits that are useful for the policy environment. While the negative impact in question is an impact that does not provide a benefit for the policy environment and is not desired to occur.

Thus has been explained about Definition of Public Policy, Form, Characteristics, Process, Type, Stage, Evaluation and Impact. Hopefully it can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.

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