Electric Charge: Definition, Types, Properties, Equations, Charge Formulas and Example Problems
Hello guys, do you know that electric charge? On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss what it is Electrical charge and other elements about it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.
Electric Charge: Definition, Types, Properties, Equations, Charge Formulas and Example Problems
For you students, of course you have often heard about electric charge, even at home, whether you realize it or not You often see the existence of an electric charge in something that can attract or repel one another other. For example, surely you have seen that there is a plastic attraction that attracts glass, or maybe you have practice yourself if the plastic is rubbed into the hair of the dry head so that the plastic can attract pieces of paper nearby.
Things like that can happen because there is an electric charge in it, and not only the examples above, of course there are many more an example of an electric charge between objects that attract or repel each other in our daily lives day. Therefore it is very good for you high school (high school) students to better understand and master what is electric charge because you cannot It is undeniable that the Electric Charge Module in Physics Subject appears quite often in the High School Physics Subject Test Questions, both School Test Questions and Test Questions National.
Definition of Electric Charge
Electric charge is the nature or basic charge carried by elementary particles, causing these elementary particles to experience attractive and repulsive forces. The electric charge of an elementary particle can be either positive or negative. If 2 objects have the same charge, they will repel and the two goods will attract if they have different types of charge. It should be noted, elementary and subatomic particles such as electrons and protons have an electric charge. Electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged.
Electric charge is the basic charge that something has, which makes it experience a force on other objects that are next to each other and also have an electric charge. The symbol Q is often used to describe charge. The International System of Units (Sang) of the unit Q is the coulomb, which is 6. 24 x 1018 base charge.
Type of Electrical Charge
There are also types of electric charge, among others, namely:
Positive Electric Charge (Proton)
According to Benjamin Franklin, Positive Electric Charges are usually mutually repelling with something that is charged, and in this case it happens because the positive charges are of the same kind so they will act against each other reject.
Negative Electric Charge (Electrons)
According to Benjamin Franklin, Negative electric charge on an item can be determined if there is an item that has a negative charge as well repel each other with plastic that has a charge, so that it can be determined if the cargo is negative.
A more complete description is:
- Charge of 1 electron=- 1, 6. 10- 19 coulombs
- Charge of 1 proton=+1.6. 10- 19 coulombs
The electric charge of an item is determined by the number of protons and electrons it contains.
- If an item has excess electrons = lack of protons (Σ electrons
Σ Proton), until the object is negatively charged - If an item lacks electrons = excess protons (Σ electrons < Σ Protons), so that the item is positively charged
- If the number of electrons = the number of protons (Σ protons = Σ electrons) until the object is not charged (neutral charge)
Properties of Electric Charge
Objects that are electrically charged, when brought closer to each other, can experience an attractive or repulsive force.
Attraction occurs when the object that is brought closer has a different electric charge (positive and negative charge).
The repulsive force occurs when the object that is brought closer has the same or the same electric charge (positive charge with positive or negative charge with negative).
Thus, the properties of electrically charged goods can be summed up as follows:
- Objects that have the same electric charge will repel each other.
- Objects that have different electrical charges will attract each other.
Electric Charge Equation
Q = n.e
Where :
Q= Electric charge (Coulomb)
n= The number of electrons
e = Electro charge – 1.6 x 10- 19C
Electrostatic phenomena are all around us, electric charge has a positive charge and a negative charge. Positive charge is carried by protons, and negative charge is carried by electrons. Unit of charge "coulomb (C)", proton charge +1.6 x 10-19C, otherwise electron charge -1.6x 10-19C. Electric charges with the same sign repel each other, electric charges with different signs attract each other.
Electric Charge Formula
The formula that applies to electric charge is a mathematical formula from Coulomb's law. Coulomb's law was discovered by Charles Augustin de Coulomb in the late 18th century. This French scientist in the field of physics created a law called Coulomb's law. This law reads
"The force of attraction or repulsion between 2 electric charges is proportional to the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating the two charges."
mathematically:
with
F = attractive / repulsive force (newtons)
q = electric charge (coulombs)
r = distance between the two charges
k= constant = 1/ 4πεo = 9 x 109 N.m2/ C2
εo = electrical permittivity in vacuum / air = 8.85 x 10 – 12 C2/Nm2
If the charge medium is not in a vacuum or air medium then the magnitude of the force between the charges q1 and q2 will be smaller
F air / vacuum < F medium
This is because the value of the electrical permissiveness in the non-air medium is greater. The permittivity εo is exchanged for ε ie
ε=εrεo
in vacuum the value of εr is 1, whereas in air εr is 1.0006. Thus the coulomb force in the medium is the formula
Problems example
There is an object with a mass of 40 g and a charge of q1 = 1µC hanging from a light string of negligible mass. Right to the left of the item is placed a charge q2 with a charge of – 2μC which causes the position of the item to shift to the left (see picture below). If it is known that k = 9.109 Nm2 / C2 and Gram = 10ms-2, determine how much tension the rope feels!
Answer :
To answer this question, you must first determine the magnitude of the coulomb force (charge attraction) and then to find the tension we use the Pythagorean rule because the tension in the rope is the resultant of 2 forces, the weight of the charge q1 and the force coulombs.
so that
answer to the electric charge question:
After the attractive force of attraction between the two electric charges has met, to find the tension in the rope we look for the resultant with the weight of the charge
So the magnitude of the rope tension that occurs is 0.28 N.
Thus the review from About the knowledge.co.id about Electrical charge, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.
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