Ovarian Function: Definition and Anatomical Structure
Ovarian Function: Definition and Anatomical Structure – In this discussion we will explain about the Ovary. Which includes the definition, anatomical structure, function and the influence of age on the growth and development of the ovary with a complete and easy-to-understand discussion. For more details, please see the review below carefully.
Ovarian Function: Definition and Anatomical Structure
Let's discuss the meaning first carefully.
Definition of Ovary
The ovary, also known as the egg wall, is one of the female reproductive organs whose function is to produce eggs and hormones.
Humans have a pair or two ovaries, which are located on the right and left hips. The oval ovary is about 4 cm long, 3 cm wide and about 2 cm in diameter. The color of the ovary is generally reddish-gray with an uneven surface structure.
Anatomical Structure and Parts of the Ovary
The ovary is composed of three main layers, namely:
Surface Section
Is the outermost part of the ovary that consists of simple cuboidal epithelium or germinal epithelium.
Cortex
Is the part that is after the surface. Most of the cortex is composed of connective tissue, the cortex is where follicular cells and oocytes are found.
Medulla
Is the innermost part of the ovary which is composed of neorovascular tissue.
Ovary function
The ovary has two functions, namely the reproductive function and the endocrine function.
Ovary Function As Reproductive Organs
In each ovary will experience the development of eggs. In that process, the egg cell will be accompanied by several groups of cells called follicular cells, which are cells that contain fluid where the egg grows.
Follicle cell development will then be stimulated by the hormone Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). From the embryonic stage, oogonia develop into oocytes, whereas oocytes do not develop into mature ovum cells until puberty begins.
After starting to enter puberty, the mature ovum will be released by the follicular cells and released by the ovary into the uterus (womb). Ovum cells or egg cells are ready to be made by male sperm cells.
If the egg is not fertilized, a woman will experience menstrual periods, namely the shedding of the endometrial wall along with the unfertilized ovum cells.
However, if the egg/ovum is successfully fertilized by a sperm cell, then the result of their conception or the result of fertilization will grow and develop in the uterus (womb) to become an embryo.
The Function of the Uterus As an Endocrine Gland
The ovaries have a role in producing ova or egg cells, and the ovaries also have a function as an endocrine gland. The ovaries can produce two hormones, both of which have the most important function in maintaining reproductive health and fertility. The hormones are estrogen and progesterone.
Estrogen Hormone
Estrogen is the main sex hormone for sexual development and reproduction. From its chemistry, estrone leads to hormones composed of estrone, estradiol, estiol. The functions of the female hormone estrogen include:
- Provides stimulation for the development of secondary sex organs such as the growth of breasts, pubic hair and armpits
- Regulates the menstrual cycle and controls the growth of the uterine lining during the menstrual period.
- Helping the role in bone formation and also blood clotting
- May affect skin, hair, mucous membranes and pelvic muscles.
Progesterone hormone
Progesterone hormone is a steroid hormone that has important functions related to the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and embryo development. The functions of progesterone include:
- Changing the uterine endometrial wall to prepare a comfortable place for the growing fetus.
- Lowering the woman's immune response during the process of conception to prepare for pregnancy.
- Works together with the hormone prolactin to ripen the breasts so they can produce milk.
- Increase sexual arousal in women
- Helps the development of brain nerves and has a role in protecting and also recovering injured brain tissue from damage.
The Effect of Age on the Growth and Development of the Ovary (Ovary)
When a woman is born there are 1-2 million oocytes in her ovaries, but only about 500 will ovulate, the rest cannot be used or die by themselves.
As a person ages, the number of oocytes will decrease. Because during menstruation, unfertilized cells will leave the body. If these cells run out, then a woman will enter the menopause period, which is a time when she can no longer experience menstruation.
Disorders And Diseases Of The Ovaries
Disorders and diseases that can occur in the ovaries include ovarian cysts and ovarian cancer
Ovarian Cyst
Are sacs on or containing fluid (cysts) in or on the surface of the ovaries. Ovarian cysts often disappear within a few months, but if they don't disappear they can cause complications.
Most ovarian cysts do not cause symptoms. In some cases, the symptoms of this cyst include irregular menstruation, pain during intercourse or irregular bowel movements.
In general, cysts will heal by itself. If it doesn't heal, it must be treated immediately by using birth control pills or surgery.
Ovarian Cancer
Is a type of cancer that often isn't detected until it has spread to the pelvis and abdomen. In its late stages, ovarian cancer is more difficult to treat and can be fatal.
Ovarian cancer usually has no symptoms at first. Advanced stages are associated with several symptoms but these symptoms of ovarian cancer may be non-specific, such as loss of appetite and weight loss. To treat ovarian cancer, you can do surgery or chemotherapy.
Thus has been explained about Ovarian Function: Definition and Anatomical Structure, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.
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