√ Definition of Centralization, Decentralization and Deconcentration
Definition of Centralization, Decentralization and Deconcentration - On this occasion About Knowledge will discuss Centralization, Decentralization and Deconcentration. Which is centralization, decentralization and deconcentration is one of the materials in Pancasila and Citizenship Education lessons. For more details, see the following review.
Definition of Centralization, Decentralization and Deconcentration
Within a state government, good cooperation is needed in terms of power, delegation and division of authority. Between the central government and local governments in order to achieve good conditions.
To achieve these good conditions, the government has authority arrangements. There are 3 authorities in the government system in Indonesia, namely:
- Principle Centralization
- Principle Decentralization
- Principle Deconcentration
Definition of Centralization
Centralization is a handing over of power & also governmental authority in full to the central government.
The government referred to in this principle is the President and the Cabinet Council. Meanwhile, what is meant by authority is political authority and administrative authority.
Political authority is an authority that makes and also decides policies, while what is meant by administrative authority is an authority in implementing policies.
Advantages of the Principle of Centralization
There are several advantages of this centralized system, including:
- Totalitarianism in the administration of education
- Management uniformity, starting from the aspects of planning, management, evaluation, to school & learning development models.
- Uniformity in the pattern of community culture
- The organization becomes more streamlined and efficient, because all organizational activities are centralized so that decision making is easier.
- Organizational planning & development is more integrated
- Reduction of asset redundancies and other facilities. In this case one asset can be used together without having to provide the same asset for different jobs.
Disadvantages of Centralized Systems
- Local government policies and decisions are produced by people who are in the central government so that the time to decide something is longer
- Robotic human quality, without initiative and creativity.
- Give birth to an authoritarian government that does not recognize regional rights.
- National wealth, regional wealth has been exploited for the benefit of a handful of political elites.
- Turn off the ability to innovate which is incompatible with the development of an open democratic society.
Example of Centralized System
- Parts of state security institutions such as the TNI protect the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia from three central points, namely air, land and sea.
- Bank Indonesia, which is the center of all monetary and fiscal policy arrangements.
Definition of Decentralization
Decentralization is the transfer of policies from the central government to regional governments so that they manage their own households. But not for all things, security, law and policy are some things that are still centralized but there is still delegation to the regions.
According to Law Number 5 of 1974:
“Decentralization is the transfer of government affairs from the center to the regions. The delegation of authority to the Regional Government is solely to achieve an efficient government. The delegation of authority results in autonomy. Autonomy itself is the freedom of the people who live in their own area to regulate and manage their own interests.
Decentralization is the delegation (delegation or giving) of central government authority to regional governments.
Application form Decentralization = Autonomy. The authority and responsibility for choosing the region itself, both in terms of policy implementation, planning and funding.
Advantages of the Decentralization Principle
In practice, the principle of decentralization as a regional administration system has several advantages, such as:
- The organizational structure is a delegation of authority and eases the management of the central government
- Reducing the accumulation of work in the central government
- Local governments do not need to wait for instructions from the center to solve problems
- Relations between the central government and the regions can increase enthusiasm for work
- Efficient in every way
- Reducing Biocracy in a bad sense because decisions can be implemented immediately
Lack of Decentralization Principles
There are also weaknesses from the principle of decentralization, including:
- The size of the government organs makes the government structure more complex and can result in weak coordination.
- The balance and suitability between various regional interests is easily disturbed.
- Territorial decentralization encourages the emergence of regionalism.
- Decisions taken take a long time because there is usually too much deliberation.
- It costs a lot of money and is difficult to achieve uniformity and simplicity.
Examples of Decentralization Principles
- The Department of Education is the regulator of how the pattern of education will be carried out.
Definition of Deconcentration
Deconcentration is the delegation of administrative authority from a central government to regional officials. Delegation of authority only as administrative authority, for political authority remains in the hands of the central government. So Deconcentration can be said as a combination of centralization and decentralization.
Advantages of Deconcentration Principle
There are several advantages of the deconcentration principle, including:
- Politically, the existence of deconcentration will reduce complaints in the regions against central government policies.
- Allows for direct contact between the government and the people.
- The presence of deconcentration instruments in the regions can secure the implementation of central or national government policies in the fields of politics, economics and administration.
- Can be an effective tool to guarantee national unity and integrity.
Lack of Deconcentration Principle
- The government structure grew more complex, making coordination even more difficult.
- The balance and harmony between the various regional interests is more easily disturbed.
- Encouraging the emergence of regional fanaticism.
- The decisions taken are relatively long.
- The costs required are large.
Example of Deconcentration System
- The President delegates all authority to the Governor to carry out the ASEAN GAMES which will be held in his region.
- Tax Services at the Tax Office
Thus the review about Definition of Centralization, Decentralization and Deconcentration. Hopefully it can be useful and add knowledge to all of us. Thank You
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