Elements of Weather and Climate (Complete Discussion)
Elements of Weather and Climate (Complete Discussion) – On this occasion, Around Knowledge will discuss weather and climate. What are we going to talk about? Let's look at the description below.
Elements of Weather and Climate (Complete Discussion)
Let's first discuss the meaning of weather and climate carefully.
Definition of Weather and Climate
Weather is weather conditions that occur at a certain time and area. The science that studies the weather is meteorology. Usually the weather can change every time. climate is the average weather conditions over a large area over a long period of time. The science that studies climate is called climatology.
Climate has a fixed nature, covers a wide area, and lasts for a long time. Climate and weather are formed from the same elements, including air temperature, air humidity, air pressure, wind, clouds and rainfall.
Air temperature
Air temperature is the state of hot or cold air.
The factors that affect the high and low air temperature of an area are:
Long sun exposure
The duration of sun exposure is said to be 100% if the sun shines on an area for approximately 8 hours, meaning that the area is sunny and not covered by clouds. The instrument used to measure the duration of the sun's exposure is the heliograph. the longer the irradiation, the longer the heat that occurs on the surface of the earth.
The angle of incidence of sunlight
The angle of incidence of sunlight is the angle formed by the direction of arrival of sunlight on the earth's surface. The round shape of the earth greatly affects the angle of incidence of sunlight on the earth's surface.
relief of the earth's surface
Differences in air temperature occur due to differences in the relief of the earth's surface.
Atmospheric clarity
The amount of solar heat that reaches the earth's surface is influenced by the clarity of the atmosphere. This is because the gases contained in the atmosphere affect the reflection of sunlight.
The sun is a source of heat. And air heating can occur through two heating processes, namely direct heating and indirect heating.
Direct heating
Direct heating can occur through several processes as follows:
- absorption is the absorption of elements of solar radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays and ultraviolet. The elements that absorb solar radiation are oxygen, nitrogen, ozone, hydrogen and dust.
- Reflection is the sun's heating of the air but reflected back into space by water droplets (H2O), clouds and other particles in the atmosphere.
- Diffusion is sunlight experiencing diffusion in the form of blue and violet short wave rays scattering in all directions. This process causes the sky to be blue.
Indirect heating
Indirect heating can occur in the following ways:
- Conduction is the provision of heat by the sun on the lower air layer then the air layer gives heat to the air layer above it. Air molecules that are already hot affect air molecules that are not yet hot so that they become equally hot.
- Convection is the provision of heat by the vertical upward movement of air. This heat distribution occurs due to vertical air movement, so that the air above it which is not yet hot will become hot due to the influence of the air below which is already hot.
- Advection is the provision of heat by the horizontal motion of air. This heat distribution occurs due to the horizontal movement of hot air and causes the surrounding air to heat up.
- Turbulence is the provision of heat by air movement that is irregular and swirling upwards but there is some heat that is reflected back into the atmosphere.
Well here's a review about Elements of Weather and Climate (Complete Discussion) which you can see clearly, hopefully can add to your knowledge, thank you.
source by: Geography of SMA class X Aspiration
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