Types of Ancient Humans in Indonesia (Complete)
Types of Ancient Humans in Indonesia (Complete) - Prehistoric humans or early humans are humans whose lives do not know writing or humans who lived during pre-literacy. Lots of fossils found in Indonesia.
Types of Ancient Humans in Indonesia (Complete)
On this occasion we will recall the historical material that was given by the teacher about the types of ancient humans that once existed in our country, Indonesia.
Definition of early humans in Indonesia
Early humans or also known as Prehistoric People (Prehistoric Humans) are a type of human who lived at a time when they did not know what writing was. Historical experts also firmly believe that early humans themselves lived on the earth since approximately 4 million years ago.
When viewed based on the characteristics of this ancient human having a larger brain volume than modern humans today. In order to be able to know the life of early humans in Indonesia, we can use 2 methods, namely:
- The first is through the remains of human bones, animals, plants which have turned into stone or turned into fossils.
- The second is through the remains of tools and equipment that were once used by humans ancient as a result of human culture, for example household appliances, weapons, buildings, and a jewellery.
Early Human History in Indonesia
Traces of ancient human fossils actually there are various kinds in all corners of the world. In Indonesia alone, traces of early human fossils were only discovered when they were in Java, including the Central Java and East Java regions. Early Indonesian humans themselves originated in the quartair period, approximately around 599 thousand years.
As you all know, the quartair period is divided into 2 periods, namely the dilluvium (pleistocen) and alluvium (holocene). Masa dilluvium in the opinion of Dr. Von Koenigswald is divided into 3 structures, namely, the lower layer, the middle layer and also the upper layer. Each layer consists of several ancient human fossils.
1. Lower Dilluvium
From this layer the remains of the fossils consist of 3 types of ancient humans, including namely:
- Meganthropus Palaeojavanicus. This type of ancient human is considered the oldest and its fossils were found in Sangiran
- Pithecanthropus Dubius. The discovery of fossils in ancient humans of this type is also the same, namely the place in Sangiran. Here, experts are still confused about whether this fossil is really a human fossil, or is it just an ape fossil. Hence, it was named pithecanthropus Dubius, which has a doubtful ape-man
- Pithecanthropus Robustus (Plthecanthropus Mojokertensis). This type of human was found in the same place and was discovered by Weidenreich scholars, this early human was in named it Pithecanthropus Robustus, while Von Koenigswald named it Pithecanthropus Mojokertensis. Because he was the first to find the same fossil which he found in Mojokerto
2. Central Dilluvium
This ancient human type was discovered by a scientist named Dr. Eugene Dubois. This man was given the name Pithecanthropus Erectus, which means: ape-man with straight lines.
3. Upper Dilluvium
A very young ancient human, namely during the dilluvium era, in which this ancient human was found in the Ngandong area and was given the name Homo Soloensis. Whereas the same ancient human species found in Tulung Agung was named Homo Wajakensis.
Early Human Types in Indonesia
According to a study that has existed since the 18th century AD, this research was pioneered by Eugene Dubois, a a doctor from the Netherlands who started his research in West Sumatra which found no results and he continued to the island Java.
There he found fossils in the Ngawi area of East Java, namely in 1891. This fossil is named pithecanthropus erectus which means ape man where this fossil used to walk upright. To find out more, let's look together at some of the ancient human species found in Indonesia, including:
Meganthropus
This word Meganthropus comes from two words, namely "megas and anthropus“. Megas means big or giant, while anthropus means human. So the meganthropus type fossil is Meganthropus Palaeojavanicus which means the oldest giant human from the island of Java, and discovered by a scientist named Van Koenigswald in 1936 & 1941 which is located in Sangiran, Sragen Regency, Central Java.
It is estimated that these humans lived between 2,500,000 and 1,250,000 years ago. This type of human is estimated to have a well-built body, and there is a bulge on the forehead, a bulge on the back of the head, has thick cheekbones, jaws and has big and strong molars, and doesn't have a chin so it looks like monkey.
Pithecanthropus
This type of fossil is the most commonly found in Indonesia. This type of human is not as sturdy as the Meganthropus type. The types of Pithecanthropus include Pithecanthropus Mojokertensis, Pithecanthropus Soloensis and Pithecanthropus Erectus.
Pithecanthropus Mojokertensis was found in the Jetis area near Mojokerto, East Java, which was discovered by Von Koenigswald. Pithecanthropus Soloensis was discovered by several scientists named Von Koenigswald, Ter Haar, and Oppenoorth in Ngandong, in the Bengawan Solo valley.
Pithecanthropus Erectus is a type of ape man who walks upright. This type of fossil was discovered by a scientist named Eugene Dubois in 1891 in East Java. Pithecanthropus itself has an upright body, and has a height of about 165-180 cm. They also still resemble apes, have thick and oval skull bones, wide nose, the bulge on the forehead is also very thick, his life is hunting to gather food, and lives in open fields and his life group.
Homo
This type of human is arguably more perfect than the two types of ancient humans described above. Homo itself has a height of between 130-210 cm and lived between 25,000-40,000 years ago.
The types include the following: Homo Soloensis (ancient human from Solo), Homo Wajakensis (ancient human from Wajak) and Homo Sapiens (intelligent humans), human types are more perfect when viewed from the way of thinking even though it can be said to be very simple.
Homo Sapiens is estimated to have lived 40,000 years ago. Humans of this type have also been able to make tools either from stone or bone that are used as hunting tools. They are also able to cook food, although still in a very, very simple way.
This ancient human type itself has a larger brain volume than its predecessors, have smaller teeth, jaws and chewing muscles and have the mongoloid race as well austramelanosoid.
So that's a brief explanation of the discussion this time regarding Types of Ancient Humans in Indonesia (Complete), may be useful for all readers. That is all and thank you.
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